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207 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
207 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
# AVD - Android Virtual Device
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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Asante sana kwa [**@offsecjay**](https://twitter.com/offsecjay) kwa msaada wake wakati wa kuunda maudhui haya.
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## Nini ni
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Android Studio inaruhusu **kufanya kazi na mashine za virtual za Android ambazo unaweza kutumia kujaribu APKs**. Ili kuzitumia utahitaji:
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- Zana za **Android SDK** - [Pakua hapa](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/sdk-tools).
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- Au **Android Studio** (pamoja na zana za Android SDK) - [Pakua hapa](https://developer.android.com/studio).
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Katika Windows (katika kesi yangu) **baada ya kufunga Android Studio** nilikuwa na **Zana za SDK zilizofungwa katika**: `C:\Users\<UserName>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools`
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Katika mac unaweza **kupakua zana za SDK** na kuwa nazo katika PATH ukifanya:
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```bash
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brew tap homebrew/cask
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brew install --cask android-sdk
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```
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Au kutoka **Android Studio GUI** kama ilivyoonyeshwa katika [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46402772/failed-to-install-android-sdk-java-lang-noclassdeffounderror-javax-xml-bind-a](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46402772/failed-to-install-android-sdk-java-lang-noclassdeffounderror-javax-xml-bind-a) ambayo itawaweka katika `~/Library/Android/sdk/cmdline-tools/latest/bin/` na `~/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/` na `~/Library/Android/sdk/emulator/`
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Kwa matatizo ya Java:
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```java
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export JAVA_HOME=/Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home
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```
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## GUI
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### Andaa Mashine Halisi
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Ikiwa umeinstall Android Studio, unaweza tu kufungua mtazamo mkuu wa mradi na kufikia: _**Tools**_ --> _**AVD Manager.**_
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<div align="center" data-full-width="false">
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<figure><img src="../../images/image (1142).png" alt="" width="293"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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</div>
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Kisha, bonyeza _**Create Virtual Device**_
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<figure><img src="../../images/image (1143).png" alt="" width="188"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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_**chagua** simu unayotaka kutumia_ na bonyeza _**Next.**_
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> [!WARNING]
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> Ikiwa unahitaji simu yenye Play Store imeinstall chagua moja yenye ikoni ya Play Store!
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>
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> <img src="../../images/image (1144).png" alt="" data-size="original">
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Katika mtazamo wa sasa utaweza **kuchagua na kupakua picha ya Android** ambayo simu itakimbia:
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<figure><img src="../../images/image (1145).png" alt="" width="375"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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Hivyo, chagua na ikiwa haijapakuliwa bonyeza alama ya _**Download**_ iliyo karibu na jina (**sasa subiri hadi picha ipakuliwe).**\
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Mara picha ikishapakuliwa, chagua tu **`Next`** na **`Finish`**.
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Mashine halisi itaundwa. Sasa **kila wakati unapoingia AVD manager itakuwa ipo**.
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### Endesha Mashine Halisi
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Ili **kuendesha** ni lazima ubonyeze _**Start button**_.
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.png>)
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## Zana ya Mstari wa Amri
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Kwanza kabisa unahitaji **kuamua ni simu ipi unayotaka kutumia**, ili kuona orodha ya simu zinazowezekana tekeleza:
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```
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C:\Users\<UserName>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin\avdmanager.bat list device
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d: 0 or "automotive_1024p_landscape"
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Name: Automotive (1024p landscape)
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OEM : Google
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Tag : android-automotive-playstore
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---------
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id: 1 or "Galaxy Nexus"
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Name: Galaxy Nexus
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OEM : Google
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---------
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id: 2 or "desktop_large"
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Name: Large Desktop
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OEM : Google
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Tag : android-desktop
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---------
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id: 3 or "desktop_medium"
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Name: Medium Desktop
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OEM : Google
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Tag : android-desktop
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---------
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id: 4 or "Nexus 10"
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Name: Nexus 10
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OEM : Google
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[...]
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```
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Mara tu umepanga jina la kifaa unachotaka kutumia, unahitaji **kuamua picha gani ya Android unayotaka kuendesha katika kifaa hiki.**\
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Unaweza kuorodhesha chaguo zote kwa kutumia `sdkmanager`:
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```bash
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C:\Users\<UserName>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin\sdkmanager.bat --list
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```
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Na **pakua** ile (au zote) unayotaka kutumia na:
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```bash
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C:\Users\<UserName>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin\sdkmanager.bat "platforms;android-28" "system-images;android-28;google_apis;x86_64"
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```
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Mara tu umepakua picha ya Android unayotaka kutumia unaweza **kuorodhesha picha zote za Android zilizopakuliwa** kwa:
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```
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C:\Users\<UserName>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin\avdmanager.bat list target
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----------
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id: 1 or "android-28"
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Name: Android API 28
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Type: Platform
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API level: 28
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Revision: 6
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----------
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id: 2 or "android-29"
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Name: Android API 29
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Type: Platform
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API level: 29
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Revision: 4
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```
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Kwa wakati huu umeshafanya uamuzi kuhusu kifaa unachotaka kutumia na umepakua picha ya Android, hivyo **unaweza kuunda mashine ya virtual kwa kutumia**:
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```bash
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C:\Users\<UserName>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin\avdmanager.bat -v create avd -k "system-images;android-28;google_apis;x86_64" -n "AVD9" -d "Nexus 5X"
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```
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Katika amri ya mwisho **nilifanya VM inayoitwa** "_AVD9_" kwa kutumia **kifaa** "_Nexus 5X_" na **picha ya Android** "_system-images;android-28;google_apis;x86_64_".\
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Sasa unaweza **orodhesha mashine za virtual** ulizozifanya kwa:
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```bash
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C:\Users\<UserName>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin\avdmanager.bat list avd
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Name: AVD9
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Device: Nexus 5X (Google)
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Path: C:\Users\cpolo\.android\avd\AVD9.avd
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Target: Google APIs (Google Inc.)
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Based on: Android API 28 Tag/ABI: google_apis/x86_64
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The following Android Virtual Devices could not be loaded:
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Name: Pixel_2_API_27
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Path: C:\Users\cpolo\.android\avd\Pixel_2_API_27_1.avd
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Error: Google pixel_2 no longer exists as a device
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```
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### Run Virtual Machine
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Tayari tumeona jinsi unavyoweza kuorodhesha mashine za virtual zilizoundwa, lakini **unaweza pia kuorodhesha hizo kwa kutumia**:
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```bash
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C:\Users\<UserName>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\emulator.exe -list-avds
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AVD9
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Pixel_2_API_27
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```
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Unaweza kwa urahisi **kufanya kazi na mashine yoyote ya virtual iliyoundwa** kwa kutumia:
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```bash
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C:\Users\<UserName>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\emulator.exe -avd "VirtualMachineName"
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C:\Users\<UserName>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\emulator.exe -avd "AVD9"
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```
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Au kutumia chaguzi za juu zaidi unaweza kuendesha mashine ya virtual kama:
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```bash
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C:\Users\<UserName>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\emulator.exe -avd "AVD9" -http-proxy 192.168.1.12:8080 -writable-system
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```
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### Command line options
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Hata hivyo kuna **chaguzi nyingi tofauti za mstari wa amri zinazofaa** ambazo unaweza kutumia kuanzisha mashine ya virtual. Hapa chini unaweza kupata baadhi ya chaguzi za kuvutia lakini unaweza [**kupata orodha kamili hapa**](https://developer.android.com/studio/run/emulator-commandline)
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**Boot**
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- `-snapshot name` : Anza VM snapshot
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- `-snapshot-list -snapstorage ~/.android/avd/Nexus_5X_API_23.avd/snapshots-test.img` : Orodhesha snapshots zote zilizorekodiwa
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**Network**
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- `-dns-server 192.0.2.0, 192.0.2.255` : Ruhusu kuashiria seva za DNS kwa VM kwa kutumia alama ya koma.
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- **`-http-proxy 192.168.1.12:8080`** : Ruhusu kuashiria proxy ya HTTP kutumia (inasaidia sana kukamata trafiki kwa kutumia Burp)
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- `-port 5556` : Weka nambari ya bandari ya TCP inayotumika kwa console na adb.
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- `-ports 5556,5559` : Weka bandari za TCP zinazotumika kwa console na adb.
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- **`-tcpdump /path/dumpfile.cap`** : Kamata trafiki yote katika faili
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**System**
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- `-selinux {disabled|permissive}` : Weka moduli ya usalama ya Security-Enhanced Linux kuwa katika hali ya kuzuiwa au ya ruhusa kwenye mfumo wa uendeshaji wa Linux.
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- `-timezone Europe/Paris` : Weka eneo la muda kwa kifaa cha virtual
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- `-screen {touch(default)|multi-touch|o-touch}` : Weka hali ya skrini ya kugusa iliyosimuliwa.
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- **`-writable-system`** : Tumia chaguo hili kuwa na picha ya mfumo inayoweza kuandikwa wakati wa kikao chako cha emulation. Utahitaji pia kukimbia `adb root; adb remount`. Hii ni muhimu sana kufunga cheti kipya katika mfumo.
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## Rooting a Play Store device
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Ikiwa umepakua kifaa chenye Play Store huwezi kupata root moja kwa moja, na utapata ujumbe huu wa kosa
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```
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$ adb root
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adbd cannot run as root in production builds
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```
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Kwa kutumia [rootAVD](https://github.com/newbit1/rootAVD) pamoja na [Magisk](https://github.com/topjohnwu/Magisk) niliweza ku-root hiyo (fuata kwa mfano [**hii video**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wk0ixxmkzAI) **au** [**hii moja**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQicUW0svB8)).
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## Sakinisha Cheti cha Burp
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Angalia ukurasa ufuatao kujifunza jinsi ya kusakinisha cheti cha CA cha kawaida:
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{{#ref}}
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install-burp-certificate.md
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{{#endref}}
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## Chaguzi Nzuri za AVD
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### Chukua Picha
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Unaweza **kutumia GUI** kuchukua picha ya VM wakati wowote:
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.png>)
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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