# AVD - Android Virtual Device {{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}} Asante sana kwa [**@offsecjay**](https://twitter.com/offsecjay) kwa msaada wake wakati wa kuunda maudhui haya. ## Nini ni Android Studio inaruhusu **kufanya kazi na mashine za virtual za Android ambazo unaweza kutumia kujaribu APKs**. Ili kuzitumia utahitaji: - Zana za **Android SDK** - [Pakua hapa](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/sdk-tools). - Au **Android Studio** (pamoja na zana za Android SDK) - [Pakua hapa](https://developer.android.com/studio). Katika Windows (katika kesi yangu) **baada ya kufunga Android Studio** nilikuwa na **Zana za SDK zilizofungwa katika**: `C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools` Katika mac unaweza **kupakua zana za SDK** na kuwa nazo katika PATH ukifanya: ```bash brew tap homebrew/cask brew install --cask android-sdk ``` Au kutoka **Android Studio GUI** kama ilivyoonyeshwa katika [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46402772/failed-to-install-android-sdk-java-lang-noclassdeffounderror-javax-xml-bind-a](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46402772/failed-to-install-android-sdk-java-lang-noclassdeffounderror-javax-xml-bind-a) ambayo itawaweka katika `~/Library/Android/sdk/cmdline-tools/latest/bin/` na `~/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/` na `~/Library/Android/sdk/emulator/` Kwa matatizo ya Java: ```java export JAVA_HOME=/Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home ``` ## GUI ### Andaa Mashine Halisi Ikiwa umeinstall Android Studio, unaweza tu kufungua mtazamo mkuu wa mradi na kufikia: _**Tools**_ --> _**AVD Manager.**_
Kisha, bonyeza _**Create Virtual Device**_
_**chagua** simu unayotaka kutumia_ na bonyeza _**Next.**_ > [!WARNING] > Ikiwa unahitaji simu yenye Play Store imeinstall chagua moja yenye ikoni ya Play Store! > > Katika mtazamo wa sasa utaweza **kuchagua na kupakua picha ya Android** ambayo simu itakimbia:
Hivyo, chagua na ikiwa haijapakuliwa bonyeza alama ya _**Download**_ iliyo karibu na jina (**sasa subiri hadi picha ipakuliwe).**\ Mara picha ikishapakuliwa, chagua tu **`Next`** na **`Finish`**. Mashine halisi itaundwa. Sasa **kila wakati unapoingia AVD manager itakuwa ipo**. ### Endesha Mashine Halisi Ili **kuendesha** ni lazima ubonyeze _**Start button**_. ![](<../../images/image (518).png>) ## Zana ya Mstari wa Amri Kwanza kabisa unahitaji **kuamua ni simu ipi unayotaka kutumia**, ili kuona orodha ya simu zinazowezekana tekeleza: ``` C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin\avdmanager.bat list device d: 0 or "automotive_1024p_landscape" Name: Automotive (1024p landscape) OEM : Google Tag : android-automotive-playstore --------- id: 1 or "Galaxy Nexus" Name: Galaxy Nexus OEM : Google --------- id: 2 or "desktop_large" Name: Large Desktop OEM : Google Tag : android-desktop --------- id: 3 or "desktop_medium" Name: Medium Desktop OEM : Google Tag : android-desktop --------- id: 4 or "Nexus 10" Name: Nexus 10 OEM : Google [...] ``` Mara tu umepanga jina la kifaa unachotaka kutumia, unahitaji **kuamua picha gani ya Android unayotaka kuendesha katika kifaa hiki.**\ Unaweza kuorodhesha chaguo zote kwa kutumia `sdkmanager`: ```bash C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin\sdkmanager.bat --list ``` Na **pakua** ile (au zote) unayotaka kutumia na: ```bash C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin\sdkmanager.bat "platforms;android-28" "system-images;android-28;google_apis;x86_64" ``` Mara tu umepakua picha ya Android unayotaka kutumia unaweza **kuorodhesha picha zote za Android zilizopakuliwa** kwa: ``` C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin\avdmanager.bat list target ---------- id: 1 or "android-28" Name: Android API 28 Type: Platform API level: 28 Revision: 6 ---------- id: 2 or "android-29" Name: Android API 29 Type: Platform API level: 29 Revision: 4 ``` Kwa wakati huu umeshafanya uamuzi kuhusu kifaa unachotaka kutumia na umepakua picha ya Android, hivyo **unaweza kuunda mashine ya virtual kwa kutumia**: ```bash C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin\avdmanager.bat -v create avd -k "system-images;android-28;google_apis;x86_64" -n "AVD9" -d "Nexus 5X" ``` Katika amri ya mwisho **nilifanya VM inayoitwa** "_AVD9_" kwa kutumia **kifaa** "_Nexus 5X_" na **picha ya Android** "_system-images;android-28;google_apis;x86_64_".\ Sasa unaweza **orodhesha mashine za virtual** ulizozifanya kwa: ```bash C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin\avdmanager.bat list avd Name: AVD9 Device: Nexus 5X (Google) Path: C:\Users\cpolo\.android\avd\AVD9.avd Target: Google APIs (Google Inc.) Based on: Android API 28 Tag/ABI: google_apis/x86_64 The following Android Virtual Devices could not be loaded: Name: Pixel_2_API_27 Path: C:\Users\cpolo\.android\avd\Pixel_2_API_27_1.avd Error: Google pixel_2 no longer exists as a device ``` ### Run Virtual Machine Tayari tumeona jinsi unavyoweza kuorodhesha mashine za virtual zilizoundwa, lakini **unaweza pia kuorodhesha hizo kwa kutumia**: ```bash C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\emulator.exe -list-avds AVD9 Pixel_2_API_27 ``` Unaweza kwa urahisi **kufanya kazi na mashine yoyote ya virtual iliyoundwa** kwa kutumia: ```bash C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\emulator.exe -avd "VirtualMachineName" C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\emulator.exe -avd "AVD9" ``` Au kutumia chaguzi za juu zaidi unaweza kuendesha mashine ya virtual kama: ```bash C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\emulator.exe -avd "AVD9" -http-proxy 192.168.1.12:8080 -writable-system ``` ### Command line options Hata hivyo kuna **chaguzi nyingi tofauti za mstari wa amri zinazofaa** ambazo unaweza kutumia kuanzisha mashine ya virtual. Hapa chini unaweza kupata baadhi ya chaguzi za kuvutia lakini unaweza [**kupata orodha kamili hapa**](https://developer.android.com/studio/run/emulator-commandline) **Boot** - `-snapshot name` : Anza VM snapshot - `-snapshot-list -snapstorage ~/.android/avd/Nexus_5X_API_23.avd/snapshots-test.img` : Orodhesha snapshots zote zilizorekodiwa **Network** - `-dns-server 192.0.2.0, 192.0.2.255` : Ruhusu kuashiria seva za DNS kwa VM kwa kutumia alama ya koma. - **`-http-proxy 192.168.1.12:8080`** : Ruhusu kuashiria proxy ya HTTP kutumia (inasaidia sana kukamata trafiki kwa kutumia Burp) - `-port 5556` : Weka nambari ya bandari ya TCP inayotumika kwa console na adb. - `-ports 5556,5559` : Weka bandari za TCP zinazotumika kwa console na adb. - **`-tcpdump /path/dumpfile.cap`** : Kamata trafiki yote katika faili **System** - `-selinux {disabled|permissive}` : Weka moduli ya usalama ya Security-Enhanced Linux kuwa katika hali ya kuzuiwa au ya ruhusa kwenye mfumo wa uendeshaji wa Linux. - `-timezone Europe/Paris` : Weka eneo la muda kwa kifaa cha virtual - `-screen {touch(default)|multi-touch|o-touch}` : Weka hali ya skrini ya kugusa iliyosimuliwa. - **`-writable-system`** : Tumia chaguo hili kuwa na picha ya mfumo inayoweza kuandikwa wakati wa kikao chako cha emulation. Utahitaji pia kukimbia `adb root; adb remount`. Hii ni muhimu sana kufunga cheti kipya katika mfumo. ## Rooting a Play Store device Ikiwa umepakua kifaa chenye Play Store huwezi kupata root moja kwa moja, na utapata ujumbe huu wa kosa ``` $ adb root adbd cannot run as root in production builds ``` Kwa kutumia [rootAVD](https://github.com/newbit1/rootAVD) pamoja na [Magisk](https://github.com/topjohnwu/Magisk) niliweza ku-root hiyo (fuata kwa mfano [**hii video**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wk0ixxmkzAI) **au** [**hii moja**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQicUW0svB8)). ## Sakinisha Cheti cha Burp Angalia ukurasa ufuatao kujifunza jinsi ya kusakinisha cheti cha CA cha kawaida: {{#ref}} install-burp-certificate.md {{#endref}} ## Chaguzi Nzuri za AVD ### Chukua Picha Unaweza **kutumia GUI** kuchukua picha ya VM wakati wowote: ![](<../../images/image (234).png>) {{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}