hacktricks/src/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-imap.md

# 143,993 - Pentesting IMAP

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## Internet Message Access Protocol

The **Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)** imeundwa kwa lengo la kuwapa watumiaji **ufikiaji wa ujumbe wao wa barua pepe kutoka mahali popote**, hasa kupitia muunganisho wa Intaneti. Kwa msingi, barua pepe zina **hifadhiwa kwenye seva** badala ya kupakuliwa na kuhifadhiwa kwenye kifaa binafsi cha mtu. Hii ina maana kwamba wakati barua pepe inafikiwa au kusomwa, inafanywa **moja kwa moja kutoka kwenye seva**. Uwezo huu unaruhusu urahisi wa kuangalia barua pepe kutoka **kwa vifaa vingi**, kuhakikisha kwamba hakuna ujumbe unakosa bila kujali kifaa kinachotumika.

Kwa kawaida, itifaki ya IMAP inafanya kazi kwenye port mbili:

- **Port 143** - hii ni port ya IMAP isiyo na usimbuaji ya default
- **Port 993** - hii ni port unayohitaji kutumia ikiwa unataka kuungana kwa usalama kwa kutumia IMAP
```
PORT    STATE SERVICE REASON
143/tcp open  imap    syn-ack
```
## Banner grabbing
```bash
nc -nv <IP> 143
openssl s_client -connect <IP>:993 -quiet
```
### NTLM Auth - Ufunuo wa taarifa

Ikiwa seva inasaidia uthibitishaji wa NTLM (Windows) unaweza kupata taarifa nyeti (matoleo):
```
root@kali: telnet example.com 143
* OK The Microsoft Exchange IMAP4 service is ready.
>> a1 AUTHENTICATE NTLM
+
>> TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAB4IIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
+ TlRMTVNTUAACAAAACgAKADgAAAAFgooCBqqVKFrKPCMAAAAAAAAAAEgASABCAAAABgOAJQAAAA9JAEkAUwAwADEAAgAKAEkASQBTADAAMQABAAoASQBJAFMAMAAxAAQACgBJAEkAUwAwADEAAwAKAEkASQBTADAAMQAHAAgAHwMI0VPy1QEAAAAA
```
Au **automate** hii kwa kutumia **nmap** plugin `imap-ntlm-info.nse`

### [IMAP Bruteforce](../generic-hacking/brute-force.md#imap)

## Syntax

Mifano ya Amri za IMAP kutoka [hapa](https://donsutherland.org/crib/imap):
```
Login
A1 LOGIN username password
Values can be quoted to enclose spaces and special characters. A " must then be escape with a \
A1 LOGIN "username" "password"

List Folders/Mailboxes
A1 LIST "" *
A1 LIST INBOX *
A1 LIST "Archive" *

Create new Folder/Mailbox
A1 CREATE INBOX.Archive.2012
A1 CREATE "To Read"

Delete Folder/Mailbox
A1 DELETE INBOX.Archive.2012
A1 DELETE "To Read"

Rename Folder/Mailbox
A1 RENAME "INBOX.One" "INBOX.Two"

List Subscribed Mailboxes
A1 LSUB "" *

Status of Mailbox (There are more flags than the ones listed)
A1 STATUS INBOX (MESSAGES UNSEEN RECENT)

Select a mailbox
A1 SELECT INBOX

List messages
A1 FETCH 1:* (FLAGS)
A1 UID FETCH 1:* (FLAGS)

Retrieve Message Content
A1 FETCH 2 body[text]
A1 FETCH 2 all
A1 UID FETCH 102 (UID RFC822.SIZE BODY.PEEK[])

Close Mailbox
A1 CLOSE

Logout
A1 LOGOUT
```
### Maendeleo
```
apt install evolution
```
![](<../images/image (1033).png>)

### CURL

Mwelekeo wa msingi unaweza kufanywa na [CURL](https://ec.haxx.se/usingcurl/usingcurl-reademail#imap), lakini nyaraka zina maelezo machache hivyo ni bora kuangalia [chanzo](https://github.com/curl/curl/blob/master/lib/imap.c) kwa maelezo sahihi.

1. Kuorodhesha masanduku ya barua (imap command `LIST "" "*"`)
```bash
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/' --user user:pass
```
2. Kuorodhesha ujumbe katika sanduku la barua (imap amri `SELECT INBOX` na kisha `SEARCH ALL`)
```bash
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/INBOX?ALL' --user user:pass
```
Matokeo ya utafutaji huu ni orodha ya viashiria vya ujumbe.

Pia inawezekana kutoa masharti ya utafutaji magumu zaidi. e.g. kutafuta rasimu zenye nenosiri katika mwili wa barua:
```bash
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/Drafts?TEXT password' --user user:pass
```
Muonekano mzuri wa maneno ya kutafuta yanayowezekana unapatikana [hapa](https://www.atmail.com/blog/imap-commands/).

3. Kupakua ujumbe (imap command `SELECT Drafts` na kisha `FETCH 1 BODY[]`)
```bash
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/Drafts;MAILINDEX=1' --user user:pass
```
Index ya barua pepe itakuwa sawa na index inayorejeshwa kutoka kwa operesheni ya kutafuta.

Pia inawezekana kutumia `UID` (kitambulisho cha kipekee) kufikia ujumbe, hata hivyo ni vigumu kidogo kwani amri ya kutafuta inahitaji kuandikwa kwa mikono. Mfano:
```bash
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/INBOX' -X 'UID SEARCH ALL' --user user:pass
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/INBOX;UID=1' --user user:pass
```
Pia, inawezekana kupakua sehemu tu za ujumbe, mfano kichwa na mtumaji wa ujumbe 5 za kwanza (the `-v` is required to see the subject and sender):
```bash
$ curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/INBOX' -X 'FETCH 1:5 BODY[HEADER.FIELDS (SUBJECT FROM)]' --user user:pass -v 2>&1 | grep '^<'
```
Ingawa, huenda ni safi zaidi kuandika kidogo tu kwa ajili ya loop:
```bash
for m in {1..5}; do
echo $m
curl "imap://1.2.3.4/INBOX;MAILINDEX=$m;SECTION=HEADER.FIELDS%20(SUBJECT%20FROM)" --user user:pass
done
```
## Shodan

- `port:143 CAPABILITY`
- `port:993 CAPABILITY`

## HackTricks Automatic Commands
```
Protocol_Name: IMAP    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  143,993     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Internet Message Access Protocol         #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for WHOIS
Note: |
The Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is designed for the purpose of enabling users to access their email messages from any location, primarily through an Internet connection. In essence, emails are retained on a server rather than being downloaded and stored on an individual's personal device. This means that when an email is accessed or read, it is done directly from the server. This capability allows for the convenience of checking emails from multiple devices, ensuring that no messages are missed regardless of the device used.

https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-imap.html

Entry_2:
Name: Banner Grab
Description: Banner Grab 143
Command: nc -nv {IP} 143

Entry_3:
Name: Secure Banner Grab
Description: Banner Grab 993
Command: openssl s_client -connect {IP}:993 -quiet

Entry_4:
Name: consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: IMAP enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/imap/imap_version; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 143; run; exit'
```
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