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109 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
109 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
# Linux Environment Variables
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## Global variables
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Vigezo vya ulimwengu **vitakuwa** vinarithiwa na **mchakato wa watoto**.
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Unaweza kuunda kigezo cha ulimwengu kwa ajili ya kikao chako cha sasa kwa kufanya:
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```bash
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export MYGLOBAL="hello world"
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echo $MYGLOBAL #Prints: hello world
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```
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Kigezo hiki kitapatikana na vikao vyako vya sasa na michakato yake ya watoto.
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Unaweza **kuondoa** kigezo kwa kufanya:
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```bash
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unset MYGLOBAL
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```
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## Local variables
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Mabadiliko ya **local** yanaweza tu **kupatikana** na **shell/script** ya **sasa**.
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```bash
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LOCAL="my local"
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echo $LOCAL
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unset LOCAL
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```
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## Orodha ya mabadiliko ya sasa
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```bash
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set
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env
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printenv
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cat /proc/$$/environ
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cat /proc/`python -c "import os; print(os.getppid())"`/environ
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```
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## Common variables
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From: [https://geek-university.com/linux/common-environment-variables/](https://geek-university.com/linux/common-environment-variables/)
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- **DISPLAY** – onyesho linalotumiwa na **X**. Kigezo hiki kawaida huwekwa kwenye **:0.0**, ambayo inamaanisha onyesho la kwanza kwenye kompyuta ya sasa.
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- **EDITOR** – mhariri wa maandiko anayependelea mtumiaji.
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- **HISTFILESIZE** – idadi ya juu ya mistari iliyomo kwenye faili ya historia.
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- **HISTSIZE** – Idadi ya mistari iliyoongezwa kwenye faili ya historia wakati mtumiaji anamaliza kikao chake.
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- **HOME** – saraka yako ya nyumbani.
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- **HOSTNAME** – jina la mwenyeji wa kompyuta.
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- **LANG** – lugha yako ya sasa.
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- **MAIL** – eneo la spuli ya barua ya mtumiaji. Kawaida **/var/spool/mail/USER**.
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- **MANPATH** – orodha ya saraka za kutafuta kurasa za mwongozo.
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- **OSTYPE** – aina ya mfumo wa uendeshaji.
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- **PS1** – kiashiria cha chaguo-msingi katika bash.
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- **PATH** – huhifadhi njia ya saraka zote ambazo zina faili za binary unazotaka kutekeleza kwa kutaja tu jina la faili na si kwa njia ya uhusiano au ya moja kwa moja.
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- **PWD** – saraka ya kazi ya sasa.
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- **SHELL** – njia ya shell ya amri ya sasa (kwa mfano, **/bin/bash**).
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- **TERM** – aina ya terminal ya sasa (kwa mfano, **xterm**).
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- **TZ** – eneo lako la muda.
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- **USER** – jina lako la mtumiaji wa sasa.
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## Interesting variables for hacking
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### **HISTFILESIZE**
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Badilisha **thamani ya kigezo hiki kuwa 0**, ili wakati unapo **maliza kikao chako** faili ya **historia** (\~/.bash_history) **itafutwa**.
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```bash
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export HISTFILESIZE=0
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```
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### **HISTSIZE**
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Badilisha **thamani ya hii variable kuwa 0**, ili wakati unapo **maliza kikao chako** amri yoyote itaongezwa kwenye **faili ya historia** (\~/.bash_history).
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```bash
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export HISTSIZE=0
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```
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### http_proxy & https_proxy
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Mchakato utautumia **proxy** iliyotangazwa hapa kuungana na mtandao kupitia **http au https**.
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```bash
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export http_proxy="http://10.10.10.10:8080"
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export https_proxy="http://10.10.10.10:8080"
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```
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### SSL_CERT_FILE & SSL_CERT_DIR
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Mchakato utaamini vyeti vilivyoonyeshwa katika **hizi env variables**.
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```bash
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export SSL_CERT_FILE=/path/to/ca-bundle.pem
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export SSL_CERT_DIR=/path/to/ca-certificates
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```
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### PS1
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Badilisha jinsi ya kuonekana kwa kiashiria chako.
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[**Hii ni mfano**](https://gist.github.com/carlospolop/43f7cd50f3deea972439af3222b68808)
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Mtu mzima:
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.png>)
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Mtumiaji wa kawaida:
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.png>)
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Kazi tatu zilizopangwa nyuma:
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.png>)
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Kazi moja iliyopangwa nyuma, moja ilisimamishwa na amri ya mwisho haikukamilika vizuri:
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.png>)
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