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145 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
145 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
# Seccomp
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{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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## 基本信息
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**Seccomp**,即安全计算模式,是**Linux内核的一个安全特性,用于过滤系统调用**。它将进程限制在一组有限的系统调用中(`exit()`、`sigreturn()`、`read()`和`write()`,仅适用于已打开的文件描述符)。如果进程尝试调用其他任何内容,内核将使用SIGKILL或SIGSYS终止该进程。该机制并不虚拟化资源,而是将进程与资源隔离。
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激活seccomp有两种方法:通过`prctl(2)`系统调用与`PR_SET_SECCOMP`,或者对于3.17及以上版本的Linux内核,使用`seccomp(2)`系统调用。通过写入`/proc/self/seccomp`来启用seccomp的旧方法已被弃用,取而代之的是`prctl()`。
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一个增强功能,**seccomp-bpf**,增加了使用可自定义策略过滤系统调用的能力,使用伯克利数据包过滤器(BPF)规则。该扩展被OpenSSH、vsftpd以及Chrome OS和Linux上的Chrome/Chromium浏览器等软件利用,以实现灵活高效的系统调用过滤,提供了对现在不再支持的Linux systrace的替代方案。
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### **原始/严格模式**
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在此模式下,Seccomp **仅允许系统调用** `exit()`、`sigreturn()`、`read()`和`write()`,仅适用于已打开的文件描述符。如果进行任何其他系统调用,进程将被SIGKILL终止。
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```c:seccomp_strict.c
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#include <fcntl.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include <linux/seccomp.h>
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#include <sys/prctl.h>
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//From https://sysdig.com/blog/selinux-seccomp-falco-technical-discussion/
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//gcc seccomp_strict.c -o seccomp_strict
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int main(int argc, char **argv)
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{
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int output = open("output.txt", O_WRONLY);
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const char *val = "test";
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//enables strict seccomp mode
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printf("Calling prctl() to set seccomp strict mode...\n");
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prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_STRICT);
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//This is allowed as the file was already opened
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printf("Writing to an already open file...\n");
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write(output, val, strlen(val)+1);
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//This isn't allowed
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printf("Trying to open file for reading...\n");
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int input = open("output.txt", O_RDONLY);
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printf("You will not see this message--the process will be killed first\n");
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}
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```
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### Seccomp-bpf
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此模式允许**使用可配置策略过滤系统调用**,该策略是通过伯克利数据包过滤器规则实现的。
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```c:seccomp_bpf.c
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#include <seccomp.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <errno.h>
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//https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/168452/how-is-sandboxing-implemented/175373
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//gcc seccomp_bpf.c -o seccomp_bpf -lseccomp
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void main(void) {
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/* initialize the libseccomp context */
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scmp_filter_ctx ctx = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_KILL);
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/* allow exiting */
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printf("Adding rule : Allow exit_group\n");
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seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ALLOW, SCMP_SYS(exit_group), 0);
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/* allow getting the current pid */
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//printf("Adding rule : Allow getpid\n");
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//seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ALLOW, SCMP_SYS(getpid), 0);
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printf("Adding rule : Deny getpid\n");
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seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EBADF), SCMP_SYS(getpid), 0);
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/* allow changing data segment size, as required by glibc */
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printf("Adding rule : Allow brk\n");
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seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ALLOW, SCMP_SYS(brk), 0);
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/* allow writing up to 512 bytes to fd 1 */
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printf("Adding rule : Allow write upto 512 bytes to FD 1\n");
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seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ALLOW, SCMP_SYS(write), 2,
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SCMP_A0(SCMP_CMP_EQ, 1),
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SCMP_A2(SCMP_CMP_LE, 512));
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/* if writing to any other fd, return -EBADF */
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printf("Adding rule : Deny write to any FD except 1 \n");
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seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EBADF), SCMP_SYS(write), 1,
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SCMP_A0(SCMP_CMP_NE, 1));
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/* load and enforce the filters */
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printf("Load rules and enforce \n");
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seccomp_load(ctx);
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seccomp_release(ctx);
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//Get the getpid is denied, a weird number will be returned like
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//this process is -9
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printf("this process is %d\n", getpid());
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}
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```
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## Seccomp in Docker
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**Seccomp-bpf** 被 **Docker** 支持,以有效限制来自容器的 **syscalls**,从而减少攻击面。您可以在 [https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/seccomp/](https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/seccomp/) 找到 **默认** 被 **阻止的 syscalls**,而 **默认 seccomp 配置文件** 可以在这里找到 [https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/profiles/seccomp/default.json](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/profiles/seccomp/default.json)。\
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您可以使用以下命令运行具有 **不同 seccomp** 策略的 docker 容器:
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```bash
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docker run --rm \
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-it \
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--security-opt seccomp=/path/to/seccomp/profile.json \
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hello-world
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```
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如果你想例如**禁止**一个容器执行某些**syscall**,像`uname`,你可以从[https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/profiles/seccomp/default.json](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/profiles/seccomp/default.json)下载默认配置文件,然后**从列表中移除`uname`字符串**。\
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如果你想确保**某个二进制文件在docker容器内无法工作**,你可以使用strace列出该二进制文件使用的syscalls,然后禁止它们。\
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在以下示例中,发现了`uname`的**syscalls**:
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```bash
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docker run -it --security-opt seccomp=default.json modified-ubuntu strace uname
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```
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> [!NOTE]
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> 如果您仅仅是使用 **Docker 启动一个应用程序**,您可以使用 **`strace`** 对其进行 **分析**,并 **仅允许它所需的系统调用**
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### 示例 Seccomp 策略
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[Example from here](https://sreeninet.wordpress.com/2016/03/06/docker-security-part-2docker-engine/)
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为了说明 Seccomp 功能,让我们创建一个 Seccomp 配置文件,禁用“chmod”系统调用,如下所示。
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```json
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{
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"defaultAction": "SCMP_ACT_ALLOW",
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"syscalls": [
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{
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"name": "chmod",
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"action": "SCMP_ACT_ERRNO"
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}
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]
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}
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```
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在上述配置中,我们将默认操作设置为“允许”,并创建了一个黑名单以禁用“chmod”。为了更安全,我们可以将默认操作设置为丢弃,并创建一个白名单以选择性地启用系统调用。\
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以下输出显示“chmod”调用返回错误,因为它在seccomp配置中被禁用。
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```bash
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$ docker run --rm -it --security-opt seccomp:/home/smakam14/seccomp/profile.json busybox chmod 400 /etc/hosts
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chmod: /etc/hosts: Operation not permitted
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```
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以下输出显示了“docker inspect”显示的配置文件:
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```json
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"SecurityOpt": [
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"seccomp:{\"defaultAction\":\"SCMP_ACT_ALLOW\",\"syscalls\":[{\"name\":\"chmod\",\"action\":\"SCMP_ACT_ERRNO\"}]}"
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]
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```
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{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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