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121 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
121 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
# Memcache Commands
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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## Commands Cheat-Sheet
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**来自** [**https://lzone.de/cheat-sheet/memcached**](https://lzone.de/cheat-sheet/memcached)
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支持的命令（官方和一些非官方的）在 [doc/protocol.txt](https://github.com/memcached/memcached/blob/master/doc/protocol.txt) 文档中有记录。
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遗憾的是，语法描述并不清晰，简单的帮助命令列出现有命令会更好。以下是您可以在 [source](https://github.com/memcached/memcached) 中找到的命令概述（截至 2016 年 8 月 19 日）：
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| Command | Description | Example |
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| -------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
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| get | 读取一个值 | `get mykey` |
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| set | 无条件设置一个键 | <p><code>set mykey <flags> <ttl> <size></code><br><br><p>确保在使用 Unix CLI 工具时使用 \r\n 作为换行符。例如</p> <code>printf "set mykey 0 60 4\r\ndata\r\n" | nc localhost 11211</code></p> |
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| add | 添加一个新键 | `add newkey 0 60 5` |
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| replace | 覆盖现有键 | `replace key 0 60 5` |
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| append | 将数据附加到现有键 | `append key 0 60 15` |
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| prepend | 将数据前置到现有键 | `prepend key 0 60 15` |
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| incr | 将数值键的值增加给定的数字 | `incr mykey 2` |
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| decr | 将数值键的值减少给定的数字 | `decr mykey 5` |
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| delete | 删除现有键 | `delete mykey` |
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| flush_all | 立即使所有项目失效 | `flush_all` |
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| flush_all | 在 n 秒内使所有项目失效 | `flush_all 900` |
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| stats | 打印一般统计信息 | `stats` |
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| | 打印内存统计信息 | `stats slabs` |
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| | 打印更高层次的分配统计信息 | `stats malloc` |
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| | 打印项目的信息 | `stats items` |
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| | | `stats detail` |
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| | | `stats sizes` |
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| | 重置统计计数器 | `stats reset` |
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| lru_crawler metadump | 转储缓存中（所有）项目的大部分元数据 | `lru_crawler metadump all` |
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| version | 打印服务器版本。 | `version` |
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| verbosity | 增加日志级别 | `verbosity` |
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| quit | 终止会话 | `quit` |
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#### Traffic Statistics <a href="#traffic-statistics" id="traffic-statistics"></a>
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您可以使用命令查询当前的流量统计信息
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```
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stats
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```
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您将获得一个列表，其中提供连接数、进出字节以及更多信息。
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示例输出：
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```
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STAT pid 14868
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STAT uptime 175931
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STAT time 1220540125
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STAT version 1.2.2
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STAT pointer_size 32
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STAT rusage_user 620.299700
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STAT rusage_system 1545.703017
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STAT curr_items 228
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STAT total_items 779
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STAT bytes 15525
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STAT curr_connections 92
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STAT total_connections 1740
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STAT connection_structures 165
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STAT cmd_get 7411
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STAT cmd_set 28445156
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STAT get_hits 5183
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STAT get_misses 2228
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STAT evictions 0
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STAT bytes_read 2112768087
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STAT bytes_written 1000038245
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STAT limit_maxbytes 52428800
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STAT threads 1
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END
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```
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#### Memory Statistics <a href="#memory-statistics" id="memory-statistics"></a>
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您可以使用查询当前的内存统计信息。
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```
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stats slabs
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```
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请提供需要翻译的具体内容。
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```
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STAT 1:chunk_size 80
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STAT 1:chunks_per_page 13107
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STAT 1:total_pages 1
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STAT 1:total_chunks 13107
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STAT 1:used_chunks 13106
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STAT 1:free_chunks 1
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STAT 1:free_chunks_end 12886
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STAT 2:chunk_size 100
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STAT 2:chunks_per_page 10485
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STAT 2:total_pages 1
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STAT 2:total_chunks 10485
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STAT 2:used_chunks 10484
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STAT 2:free_chunks 1
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STAT 2:free_chunks_end 10477
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[...]
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STAT active_slabs 3
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STAT total_malloced 3145436
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END
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```
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如果您不确定您的 memcached 实例是否有足够的内存，请始终关注“stats”命令给出的“evictions”计数器。如果实例有足够的内存，“evictions”计数器应该为 0 或至少不增加。
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#### 哪些键被使用？ <a href="#which-keys-are-used" id="which-keys-are-used"></a>
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没有内置函数可以直接确定当前的键集。但是您可以使用
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```
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stats items
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```
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确定存在多少个键的命令。
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```
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stats items
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STAT items:1:number 220
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STAT items:1:age 83095
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STAT items:2:number 7
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STAT items:2:age 1405
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[...]
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END
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```
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这至少有助于查看是否使用了任何密钥。要从已经进行 memcache 访问的 PHP 脚本中转储密钥名称，可以使用来自 [100days.de](http://100days.de/serendipity/archives/55-Dumping-MemcacheD-Content-Keys-with-PHP.html) 的 PHP 代码。
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