# 80,443 - Pentesting Web metodologija

{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}

## Osnovne informacije

Web servis je najčešći i **najopsežniji servis** i postoji mnogo **različitih tipova ranjivosti**.

**Podrazumevani port:** 80 (HTTP), 443 (HTTPS)
```bash
PORT    STATE SERVICE
80/tcp  open  http
443/tcp open  ssl/https
```

```bash
nc -v domain.com 80 # GET / HTTP/1.0
openssl s_client -connect domain.com:443 # GET / HTTP/1.0
```
### Smernice za Web API


{{#ref}}
web-api-pentesting.md
{{#endref}}

## Sažetak metodologije

> U ovoj metodologiji pretpostavljamo da ćete napasti jedan domen (ili subdomen) i samo njega. Dakle, treba da primenite ovu metodologiju na svaki otkriveni domen, subdomen ili IP sa neodređenim web serverom koji je unutar scope-a.

- [ ] Počnite sa **identifikovanjem** **tehnologija** koje koristi web server. Potražite **trikove** koje treba imati na umu tokom ostatka testa ako uspešno identifikujete tehnologiju.
- [ ] Postoje li **poznate ranjivosti** za verziju te tehnologije?
- [ ] Koristi li se neka **veoma poznata tehnologija**? Postoji li neki **koristan trik** da se izvuče više informacija?
- [ ] Postoji li neki **specijalizovani scanner** koji treba pokrenuti (npr. wpscan)?
- [ ] Pokrenite **skenere opšte namene**. Nikad ne znate da li će nešto pronaći ili otkriti interesantne informacije.
- [ ] Počnite sa **inicijalnim proverama**: **robots**, **sitemap**, **404** error i **SSL/TLS scan** (ako je HTTPS).
- [ ] Počnite sa **spidering-om** web stranice: vreme je da **pronađete** sve moguće **fajlove, foldere** i **parametre koji se koriste.** Takođe, proverite za **posebna otkrića**.
- [ ] _Napomena: kad god se otkrije novi direktorijum tokom brute-forcing-a ili spidering-a, treba da bude spidered._
- [ ] **Directory Brute-Forcing**: Pokušajte da brute-force-ujete sve otkrivene foldere tražeći nove **fajlove** i **direktorijume**.
- [ ] _Napomena: kad god se otkrije novi direktorijum tokom brute-forcing-a ili spidering-a, treba da bude Brute-Forced._
- [ ] **Backups checking**: Testirajte da li možete pronaći **backup-e** otkrivenih **fajlova** dodavanjem uobičajenih backup ekstenzija.
- [ ] **Brute-Force parameters**: Pokušajte da **pronađete skrivene parametre**.
- [ ] Kada identifikujete sve moguće **endpointe** koji prihvataju **korisnički input**, proverite sve vrste **ranjivosti** vezanih za njih.
- [ ] [Pratite ovaj spisak provere](../../pentesting-web/web-vulnerabilities-methodology.md)

## Verzija servera (ranjiv?)

### Identifikacija

Proverite da li postoje **poznate ranjivosti** za verziju servera koja je pokrenuta.\
HTTP header-i i cookies odgovora mogu biti veoma korisni za **identifikovanje** **tehnologija** i/ili **verzije** koja se koristi. **Nmap scan** može identifikovati verziju servera, ali mogu biti korisni i alati [**whatweb**](https://github.com/urbanadventurer/WhatWeb)**,** [**webtech** ](https://github.com/ShielderSec/webtech)or [**https://builtwith.com/**](https://builtwith.com)**:**
```bash
whatweb -a 1 <URL> #Stealthy
whatweb -a 3 <URL> #Aggresive
webtech -u <URL>
webanalyze -host https://google.com -crawl 2
```
Pretraži **za** [**vulnerabilities of the web application** **version**](../../generic-hacking/search-exploits.md)

### **Proveri da li postoji WAF**

- [**https://github.com/EnableSecurity/wafw00f**](https://github.com/EnableSecurity/wafw00f)
- [**https://github.com/Ekultek/WhatWaf.git**](https://github.com/Ekultek/WhatWaf.git)
- [**https://nmap.org/nsedoc/scripts/http-waf-detect.html**](https://nmap.org/nsedoc/scripts/http-waf-detect.html)

### Web tech tricks

Neki **trikovi** za **pronalaženje ranjivosti** u različitim dobro poznatim **tehnologijama** koje se koriste:

- [**AEM - Adobe Experience Cloud**](aem-adobe-experience-cloud.md)
- [**Apache**](apache.md)
- [**Artifactory**](artifactory-hacking-guide.md)
- [**Buckets**](buckets/index.html)
- [**CGI**](cgi.md)
- [**Drupal**](drupal/index.html)
- [**Flask**](flask.md)
- [**Git**](git.md)
- [**Golang**](golang.md)
- [**GraphQL**](graphql.md)
- [**H2 - Java SQL database**](h2-java-sql-database.md)
- [**ISPConfig**](ispconfig.md)
- [**IIS tricks**](iis-internet-information-services.md)
- [**Microsoft SharePoint**](microsoft-sharepoint.md)
- [**JBOSS**](jboss.md)
- [**Jenkins**](<[https:/github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/blob/master/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/broken-reference/README.md](https:/github.com/HackTricks-wiki/hacktricks-cloud/tree/master/pentesting-ci-cd/jenkins-security)/>)
- [**Jira**](jira.md)
- [**Joomla**](joomla.md)
- [**JSP**](jsp.md)
- [**Laravel**](laravel.md)
- [**Moodle**](moodle.md)
- [**Nginx**](nginx.md)
- [**PHP (php has a lot of interesting tricks that could be exploited)**](php-tricks-esp/index.html)
- [**Python**](python.md)
- [**Spring Actuators**](spring-actuators.md)
- [**Symphony**](symphony.md)
- [**Tomcat**](tomcat/index.html)
- [**VMWare**](vmware-esx-vcenter....md)
- [**Web API Pentesting**](web-api-pentesting.md)
- [**WebDav**](put-method-webdav.md)
- [**Werkzeug**](werkzeug.md)
- [**Wordpress**](wordpress.md)
- [**Electron Desktop (XSS to RCE)**](electron-desktop-apps/index.html)
- [**Sitecore**](sitecore/index.html)

_Uzmite u obzir da isti domen može koristiti različite tehnologije na različitim portovima, folderima i poddomenima._\
Ako web aplikacija koristi neku od dobro poznatih tehnologija/platformi navedenih gore ili neku drugu, ne zaboravite da pretražite Internet za nove trikove (i obavestite me!).

### Pregled izvornog koda

Ako je izvorni kod aplikacije dostupan na github-u, pored toga što sami izvršite White box test aplikacije, postoji nekoliko informacija koje bi mogle biti korisne za trenutni Black-Box testing:

- Da li postoji **Change-log** or **Readme** or **Version** fajl ili bilo šta sa informacijom o verziji dostupno preko weba?
- Kako i gde su sačuvani credentials? Postoji li neki (dostupan?) fajl sa credentials (usernames or passwords)?
- Da li su passwords u plain text-u, encrypted ili koji hashing algorithm se koristi?
- Da li se koristi neki master key za enkriptovanje nečega? Koji algoritam se koristi?
- Da li možete pristupiti bilo kojem od ovih fajlova iskorišćavanjem neke ranjivosti?
- Postoji li neka interesantna informacija na github-u (rešeni i nerešeni) issues? Ili u commit history (možda je neka password ubačena u starom commitu)?


{{#ref}}
code-review-tools.md
{{#endref}}

### Automatski skeneri

#### General purpose automatic scanners
```bash
nikto -h <URL>
whatweb -a 4 <URL>
wapiti -u <URL>
W3af
zaproxy #You can use an API
nuclei -ut && nuclei -target <URL>

# https://github.com/ignis-sec/puff (client side vulns fuzzer)
node puff.js -w ./wordlist-examples/xss.txt -u "http://www.xssgame.com/f/m4KKGHi2rVUN/?query=FUZZ"
```
#### CMS skeneri

Ako se koristi CMS, ne zaboravite da **pokrenete skener** — možda se pronađe nešto zanimljivo:

[**Clusterd**](https://github.com/hatRiot/clusterd)**:** [**JBoss**](jboss.md)**, ColdFusion, WebLogic,** [**Tomcat**](tomcat/index.html)**, Railo, Axis2, Glassfish**\
[**CMSScan**](https://github.com/ajinabraham/CMSScan): [**WordPress**](wordpress.md), [**Drupal**](drupal/index.html), **Joomla**, **vBulletin** web sajtovi za pronalaženje sigurnosnih problema. (GUI)\
[**VulnX**](https://github.com/anouarbensaad/vulnx)**:** [**Joomla**](joomla.md)**,** [**Wordpress**](wordpress.md)**,** [**Drupal**](drupal/index.html)**, PrestaShop, Opencart**\
**CMSMap**: [**(W)ordpress**](wordpress.md)**,** [**(J)oomla**](joomla.md)**,** [**(D)rupal**](drupal/index.html) **ili** [**(M)oodle**](moodle.md)\
[**droopscan**](https://github.com/droope/droopescan)**:** [**Drupal**](drupal/index.html)**,** [**Joomla**](joomla.md)**,** [**Moodle**](moodle.md)**, Silverstripe,** [**Wordpress**](wordpress.md)
```bash
cmsmap [-f W] -F -d <URL>
wpscan --force update -e --url <URL>
joomscan --ec -u <URL>
joomlavs.rb #https://github.com/rastating/joomlavs
```
> U ovom trenutku trebalo bi već da imate neke informacije o web serveru koji koristi klijent (ako su podaci dati) i neke trikove koje treba imati na umu tokom testa. Ako ste srećni, možda ste čak pronašli CMS i pokrenuli neki scanner.

## Step-by-step Web Application Discovery

> Od ovog trenutka počinjemo da komuniciramo sa web aplikacijom.

### Initial checks

**Default pages with interesting info:**

- /robots.txt
- /sitemap.xml
- /crossdomain.xml
- /clientaccesspolicy.xml
- /.well-known/
- Proverite i komentare na glavnim i sekundarnim stranicama.

**Forcing errors**

Web serveri se mogu **ponašati neočekivano** kada im se pošalju neobični podaci. To može otvoriti **ranjivosti** ili dovesti do **otkrivanja osetljivih informacija**.

- Pristupite **lažnim stranicama** kao što su /whatever_fake.php (.aspx,.html,.etc)
- **Dodajte "\[]", "]]", i "\[["** u **cookie values** i **parameter** values da biste izazvali greške
- Generišite grešku tako što ćete poslati unos kao **`/~randomthing/%s`** na **kraj** **URL**-a
- Probajte **različite HTTP Verbs** kao PATCH, DEBUG ili nepostojeće kao FAKE

#### **Proverite da li možete da otpremite fajlove (**[**PUT verb, WebDav**](put-method-webdav.md)**)**

Ako otkrijete da je **WebDav** **omogućen** ali nemate dovoljno privilegija za **otpremanje fajlova** u root folder, pokušajte da:

- **Brute Force** credentials
- **Upload files** via WebDav to the **rest** of **found folders** inside the web page. You may have permissions to upload files in other folders.

### **SSL/TLS ranjivosti**

- Ako aplikacija **ne primorava upotrebu HTTPS** u bilo kom delu, onda je **ranjiva na MitM**
- Ako aplikacija **šalje osetljive podatke (passwords) koristeći HTTP**. To predstavlja visoku ranjivost.

Koristite [**testssl.sh**](https://github.com/drwetter/testssl.sh) da proverite **ranjivosti** (u Bug Bounty programima verovatno ovakve vrste ranjivosti neće biti prihvaćene) i koristite [**a2sv** ](https://github.com/hahwul/a2sv) da ponovo proverite ranjivosti:
```bash
./testssl.sh [--htmlfile] 10.10.10.10:443
#Use the --htmlfile to save the output inside an htmlfile also

# You can also use other tools, by testssl.sh at this momment is the best one (I think)
sslscan <host:port>
sslyze --regular <ip:port>
```
Informacije o SSL/TLS ranjivostima:

- [https://www.gracefulsecurity.com/tls-ssl-vulnerabilities/](https://www.gracefulsecurity.com/tls-ssl-vulnerabilities/)
- [https://www.acunetix.com/blog/articles/tls-vulnerabilities-attacks-final-part/](https://www.acunetix.com/blog/articles/tls-vulnerabilities-attacks-final-part/)

### Spidering

Pokrenite neku vrstu **spider** unutar web aplikacije. Cilj spider-a je da **nađe što više putanja** iz testirane aplikacije. Zbog toga treba koristiti web crawling i eksterne izvore da se pronađe što više validnih putanja.

- [**gospider**](https://github.com/jaeles-project/gospider) (go): HTML spider, LinkFinder in JS files and external sources (Archive.org, CommonCrawl.org, VirusTotal.com).
- [**hakrawler**](https://github.com/hakluke/hakrawler) (go): HML spider, with LinkFider for JS files and Archive.org as external source.
- [**dirhunt**](https://github.com/Nekmo/dirhunt) (python): HTML spider, also indicates "juicy files".
- [**evine** ](https://github.com/saeeddhqan/evine)(go): Interactive CLI HTML spider. It also searches in Archive.org
- [**meg**](https://github.com/tomnomnom/meg) (go): This tool isn't a spider but it can be useful. You can just indicate a file with hosts and a file with paths and meg will fetch each path on each host and save the response.
- [**urlgrab**](https://github.com/IAmStoxe/urlgrab) (go): HTML spider with JS rendering capabilities. However, it looks like it's unmaintained, the precompiled version is old and the current code doesn't compile
- [**gau**](https://github.com/lc/gau) (go): HTML spider that uses external providers (wayback, otx, commoncrawl)
- [**ParamSpider**](https://github.com/devanshbatham/ParamSpider): This script will find URLs with parameter and will list them.
- [**galer**](https://github.com/dwisiswant0/galer) (go): HTML spider with JS rendering capabilities.
- [**LinkFinder**](https://github.com/GerbenJavado/LinkFinder) (python): HTML spider, with JS beautify capabilities capable of search new paths in JS files. It could be worth it also take a look to [JSScanner](https://github.com/dark-warlord14/JSScanner), which is a wrapper of LinkFinder.
- [**goLinkFinder**](https://github.com/0xsha/GoLinkFinder) (go): To extract endpoints in both HTML source and embedded javascript files. Useful for bug hunters, red teamers, infosec ninjas.
- [**JSParser**](https://github.com/nahamsec/JSParser) (python2.7): A python 2.7 script using Tornado and JSBeautifier to parse relative URLs from JavaScript files. Useful for easily discovering AJAX requests. Looks like unmaintained.
- [**relative-url-extractor**](https://github.com/jobertabma/relative-url-extractor) (ruby): Given a file (HTML) it will extract URLs from it using nifty regular expression to find and extract the relative URLs from ugly (minify) files.
- [**JSFScan**](https://github.com/KathanP19/JSFScan.sh) (bash, several tools): Gather interesting information from JS files using several tools.
- [**subjs**](https://github.com/lc/subjs) (go): Find JS files.
- [**page-fetch**](https://github.com/detectify/page-fetch) (go): Load a page in a headless browser and print out all the urls loaded to load the page.
- [**Feroxbuster**](https://github.com/epi052/feroxbuster) (rust): Content discovery tool mixing several options of the previous tools
- [**Javascript Parsing**](https://github.com/xnl-h4ck3r/burp-extensions): A Burp extension to find path and params in JS files.
- [**Sourcemapper**](https://github.com/denandz/sourcemapper): A tool that given the .js.map URL will get you the beatified JS code
- [**xnLinkFinder**](https://github.com/xnl-h4ck3r/xnLinkFinder): This is a tool used to discover endpoints for a given target.
- [**waymore**](https://github.com/xnl-h4ck3r/waymore)**:** Discover links from the wayback machine (also downloading the responses in the wayback and looking for more links
- [**HTTPLoot**](https://github.com/redhuntlabs/HTTPLoot) (go): Crawl (even by filling forms) and also find sensitive info using specific regexes.
- [**SpiderSuite**](https://github.com/3nock/SpiderSuite): Spider Suite is an advance multi-feature GUI web security Crawler/Spider designed for cyber security professionals.
- [**jsluice**](https://github.com/BishopFox/jsluice) (go): It's a Go package and [command-line tool](https://github.com/BishopFox/jsluice/blob/main/cmd/jsluice) for extracting URLs, paths, secrets, and other interesting data from JavaScript source code.
- [**ParaForge**](https://github.com/Anof-cyber/ParaForge): ParaForge is a simple **Burp Suite extension** to **extract the paramters and endpoints** from the request to create custom wordlist for fuzzing and enumeration.
- [**katana**](https://github.com/projectdiscovery/katana) (go): Awesome tool for this.
- [**Crawley**](https://github.com/s0rg/crawley) (go): Print every link it's able to find.

### Brute Force directories and files

Start **brute-forcing** from the root folder i obavezno bruteforce-ujte **sve** **direktorijume koji su nađeni** koristeći **ovu metodu** i sve direktorijume **otkrivene** tokom **Spidering** (možete raditi ovaj bruteforce **rekurzivno** i dodavati na početak korišćene wordlist-e imena pronađenih direktorijuma).\
Alatke:

- **Dirb** / **Dirbuster** - Included in Kali, **old** (and **slow**) but functional. Allow auto-signed certificates and recursive search. Too slow compared with th other options.
- [**Dirsearch**](https://github.com/maurosoria/dirsearch) (python)**: It doesn't allow auto-signed certificates but** allows recursive search.
- [**Gobuster**](https://github.com/OJ/gobuster) (go): It allows auto-signed certificates, it **doesn't** have **recursive** search.
- [**Feroxbuster**](https://github.com/epi052/feroxbuster) **- Fast, supports recursive search.**
- [**wfuzz**](https://github.com/xmendez/wfuzz) `wfuzz -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/raft-medium-directories.txt https://domain.com/api/FUZZ`
- [**ffuf** ](https://github.com/ffuf/ffuf)- Fast: `ffuf -c -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/big.txt -u http://10.10.10.10/FUZZ`
- [**uro**](https://github.com/s0md3v/uro) (python): This isn't a spider but a tool that given the list of found URLs will to delete "duplicated" URLs.
- [**Scavenger**](https://github.com/0xDexter0us/Scavenger): Burp Extension to create a list of directories from the burp history of different pages
- [**TrashCompactor**](https://github.com/michael1026/trashcompactor): Remove URLs with duplicated functionalities (based on js imports)
- [**Chamaleon**](https://github.com/iustin24/chameleon): It uses wapalyzer to detect used technologies and select the wordlists to use.

**Preporučeni rečnici (dictionaries):**

- [https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/bf_directories.txt](https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/bf_directories.txt)
- [**Dirsearch** included dictionary](https://github.com/maurosoria/dirsearch/blob/master/db/dicc.txt)
- [http://gist.github.com/jhaddix/b80ea67d85c13206125806f0828f4d10](http://gist.github.com/jhaddix/b80ea67d85c13206125806f0828f4d10)
- [Assetnote wordlists](https://wordlists.assetnote.io)
- [https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/tree/master/Discovery/Web-Content](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/tree/master/Discovery/Web-Content)
- raft-large-directories-lowercase.txt
- directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
- RobotsDisallowed/top10000.txt
- [https://github.com/random-robbie/bruteforce-lists](https://github.com/random-robbie/bruteforce-lists)
- [https://github.com/google/fuzzing/tree/master/dictionaries](https://github.com/google/fuzzing/tree/master/dictionaries)
- [https://github.com/six2dez/OneListForAll](https://github.com/six2dez/OneListForAll)
- [https://github.com/random-robbie/bruteforce-lists](https://github.com/random-robbie/bruteforce-lists)
- [https://github.com/ayoubfathi/leaky-paths](https://github.com/ayoubfathi/leaky-paths)
- _/usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt_
- _/usr/share/wordlists/dirb/big.txt_
- _/usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt_

_Napomena: kad god se otkrije novi direktorijum tokom brute-forcing-a ili spidering-a, on bi trebao biti ponovno brute-forcovan._

### What to check on each file found

- [**Broken link checker**](https://github.com/stevenvachon/broken-link-checker): Find broken links inside HTMLs that may be prone to takeovers
- **File Backups**: Kada pronađete sve fajlove, tražite backup-ove izvršnih fajlova ("_.php_", "_.aspx_"...). Uobičajene varijante imenovanja backupa su: _file.ext\~, #file.ext#, \~file.ext, file.ext.bak, file.ext.tmp, file.ext.old, file.bak, file.tmp and file.old._ Takođe možete koristiti alat [**bfac**](https://github.com/mazen160/bfac) **ili** [**backup-gen**](https://github.com/Nishantbhagat57/backup-gen)**.**
- **Discover new parameters**: Možete koristiti alate kao što su [**Arjun**](https://github.com/s0md3v/Arjun)**,** [**parameth**](https://github.com/maK-/parameth)**,** [**x8**](https://github.com/sh1yo/x8) **i** [**Param Miner**](https://github.com/PortSwigger/param-miner) **da otkrijete skrivenе parametre. Ako možete, pokušajte da potražite** skrivene parametre na svakom izvršnom web fajlu.
- _Arjun all default wordlists:_ [https://github.com/s0md3v/Arjun/tree/master/arjun/db](https://github.com/s0md3v/Arjun/tree/master/arjun/db)
- _Param-miner “params” :_ [https://github.com/PortSwigger/param-miner/blob/master/resources/params](https://github.com/PortSwigger/param-miner/blob/master/resources/params)
- _Assetnote “parameters_top_1m”:_ [https://wordlists.assetnote.io/](https://wordlists.assetnote.io)
- _nullenc0de “params.txt”:_ [https://gist.github.com/nullenc0de/9cb36260207924f8e1787279a05eb773](https://gist.github.com/nullenc0de/9cb36260207924f8e1787279a05eb773)
- **Comments:** Proverite komentare u svim fajlovima — možete naći **credentials** ili **hidden functionality**.
- Ako igrate **CTF**, uobičajeni trik je **sakriti** **informacije** unutar komentara desno u okviru **page** (koristeći **stotine** **space** karaktera tako da ne vidite podatke kad otvorite source u browser-u). Druga mogućnost je upotreba **više novih linija** i **skrivanje informacija** u komentaru na dnu web stranice.
- **API keys**: Ako **pronađete API key** postoji vodič koji pokazuje kako koristiti API ključeve za različite platforme: [**keyhacks**](https://github.com/streaak/keyhacks)**,** [**zile**](https://github.com/xyele/zile.git)**,** [**truffleHog**](https://github.com/trufflesecurity/truffleHog)**,** [**SecretFinder**](https://github.com/m4ll0k/SecretFinder)**,** [**RegHex**](<https://github.com/l4yton/RegHex)/>)**,** [**DumpsterDive**](https://github.com/securing/DumpsterDiver)**,** [**EarlyBird**](https://github.com/americanexpress/earlybird)
- Google API keys: Ako pronađete API key koji izgleda kao **AIza**SyA-qLheq6xjDiEIRisP_ujUseYLQCHUjik možete koristiti projekat [**gmapapiscanner**](https://github.com/ozguralp/gmapsapiscanner) da proverite koje API-je ključevi mogu da pristupe.
- **S3 Buckets**: Tokom spidering-a proverite da li je neki **subdomain** ili neki **link** povezan sa S3 bucket-om. U tom slučaju, [**check** the **permissions** of the bucket](buckets/index.html).

### Special findings

**While** performing the **spidering** and **brute-forcing** you could find **interesting** **things** that you have to **notice**.

**Interesting files**

- Tražite **linkove** na druge fajlove unutar **CSS** fajlova.
- [If you find a _**.git**_ file some information can be extracted](git.md)
- Ako nađete _**.env**_ fajl, u njemu se mogu naći api ključevi, lozinke za db i druge informacije.
- Ako nađete **API endpoints** trebalo bi da ih [testirate](web-api-pentesting.md). To nisu fajlovi, ali će verovatno "izgledati" kao oni.
- **JS files**: U delu o spidering-u pomenuti su alati koji mogu ekstrahovati putanje iz JS fajlova. Takođe bi bilo korisno **monitorisati svaki JS fajl** koji nađete, jer ponekad promena može ukazati da je uvedena potencijalno ranjiva funkcionalnost. Možete, na primer, koristiti [**JSMon**](https://github.com/robre/jsmon)**.**
- Trebalo bi da proverite otkrivene JS fajlove sa [**RetireJS**](https://github.com/retirejs/retire.js/) ili [**JSHole**](https://github.com/callforpapers-source/jshole) da vidite da li su ranjivi.
- **Javascript Deobfuscator and Unpacker:** [https://lelinhtinh.github.io/de4js/](https://lelinhtinh.github.io/de4js/), [https://www.dcode.fr/javascript-unobfuscator](https://www.dcode.fr/javascript-unobfuscator)
- **Javascript Beautifier:** [http://jsbeautifier.org/](https://beautifier.io), [http://jsnice.org/](http://jsnice.org)
- **JsFuck deobfuscation** (javascript with chars:"\[]!+" [https://enkhee-osiris.github.io/Decoder-JSFuck/](https://enkhee-osiris.github.io/Decoder-JSFuck/))
- **TrainFuck**](https://github.com/taco-c/trainfuck)**:** `+72.+29.+7..+3.-67.-12.+55.+24.+3.-6.-8.-67.-23.`
- U više navrata biće potrebno **razumeti regularne izraze** koji se koriste. Ovo će vam pomoći: [https://regex101.com/](https://regex101.com) ili [https://pythonium.net/regex](https://pythonium.net/regex)
- Takođe možete **monitorisati fajlove gde su detektovani formovi**, jer promena u parametru ili pojava novog forma može ukazivati na novu potencijalno ranjivu funkcionalnost.

**403 Forbidden/Basic Authentication/401 Unauthorized (bypass)**


{{#ref}}
403-and-401-bypasses.md
{{#endref}}

**502 Proxy Error**

Ako neka stranica **odgovori** sa tim **kodom**, verovatno je reč o **pogrešno konfigurisanoj proxy**. **Ako pošaljete HTTP zahtev kao: `GET https://google.com HTTP/1.1`** (sa host header-om i drugim uobičajenim header-ima), **proxy** će pokušati da pristupi _**google.com**_ **i time možete naći** SSRF.

**NTLM Authentication - Info disclosure**

Ako server koji traži autentifikaciju radi na **Windows** ili nađete login koji traži vaše **credentials** (i traži **domain** **name**), možete izazvati **otkrivanje informacija**.\
**Pošaljite header**: `“Authorization: NTLM TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAB4IIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=”` i zbog načina kako **NTLM authentication** funkcioniše, server će odgovoriti internim informacijama (IIS verzija, Windows verzija...) unutar header-a "WWW-Authenticate".\
Možete ovo **automatizovati** koristeći **nmap plugin** "_http-ntlm-info.nse_".

**HTTP Redirect (CTF)**

Moguće je **staviti sadržaj** unutar **Redirection**. Taj sadržaj **neće biti prikazan korisniku** (jer browser izvršava redirekciju) ali nešto može biti **sakriveno** unutar nje.

### Web Vulnerabilities Checking

Sada kada je obavljena detaljna enumeracija web aplikacije, vreme je da se proveri veliki broj mogućih ranjivosti. Možete naći checklist ovde:


{{#ref}}
../../pentesting-web/web-vulnerabilities-methodology.md
{{#endref}}

Više informacija o web ranjivostima:

- [https://six2dez.gitbook.io/pentest-book/others/web-checklist](https://six2dez.gitbook.io/pentest-book/others/web-checklist)
- [https://kennel209.gitbooks.io/owasp-testing-guide-v4/content/en/web_application_security_testing/configuration_and_deployment_management_testing.html](https://kennel209.gitbooks.io/owasp-testing-guide-v4/content/en/web_application_security_testing/configuration_and_deployment_management_testing.html)
- [https://owasp-skf.gitbook.io/asvs-write-ups/kbid-111-client-side-template-injection](https://owasp-skf.gitbook.io/asvs-write-ups/kbid-111-client-side-template-injection)

### Monitor Pages for changes

Možete koristiti alate kao što je [https://github.com/dgtlmoon/changedetection.io](https://github.com/dgtlmoon/changedetection.io) za praćenje stranica radi izmena koje mogu ubaciti ranjivosti.

### HackTricks Automatic Commands
```
Protocol_Name: Web    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  80,443     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Web         #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for Web
Note: |
https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/index.html

Entry_2:
Name: Quick Web Scan
Description: Nikto and GoBuster
Command: nikto -host {Web_Proto}://{IP}:{Web_Port} &&&& gobuster dir -w {Small_Dirlist} -u {Web_Proto}://{IP}:{Web_Port} && gobuster dir -w {Big_Dirlist} -u {Web_Proto}://{IP}:{Web_Port}

Entry_3:
Name: Nikto
Description: Basic Site Info via Nikto
Command: nikto -host {Web_Proto}://{IP}:{Web_Port}

Entry_4:
Name: WhatWeb
Description: General purpose auto scanner
Command: whatweb -a 4 {IP}

Entry_5:
Name: Directory Brute Force Non-Recursive
Description:  Non-Recursive Directory Brute Force
Command: gobuster dir -w {Big_Dirlist} -u {Web_Proto}://{IP}:{Web_Port}

Entry_6:
Name: Directory Brute Force Recursive
Description: Recursive Directory Brute Force
Command: python3 {Tool_Dir}dirsearch/dirsearch.py -w {Small_Dirlist} -e php,exe,sh,py,html,pl -f -t 20 -u {Web_Proto}://{IP}:{Web_Port} -r 10

Entry_7:
Name: Directory Brute Force CGI
Description: Common Gateway Interface Brute Force
Command: gobuster dir -u {Web_Proto}://{IP}:{Web_Port}/ -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/CGIs.txt -s 200

Entry_8:
Name: Nmap Web Vuln Scan
Description: Tailored Nmap Scan for web Vulnerabilities
Command: nmap -vv --reason -Pn -sV -p {Web_Port} --script=`banner,(http* or ssl*) and not (brute or broadcast or dos or external or http-slowloris* or fuzzer)` {IP}

Entry_9:
Name: Drupal
Description: Drupal Enumeration Notes
Note: |
git clone https://github.com/immunIT/drupwn.git for low hanging fruit and git clone https://github.com/droope/droopescan.git for deeper enumeration

Entry_10:
Name: WordPress
Description: WordPress Enumeration with WPScan
Command: |
?What is the location of the wp-login.php? Example: /Yeet/cannon/wp-login.php
wpscan --url {Web_Proto}://{IP}{1} --enumerate ap,at,cb,dbe && wpscan --url {Web_Proto}://{IP}{1} --enumerate u,tt,t,vp --passwords {Big_Passwordlist} -e

Entry_11:
Name: WordPress Hydra Brute Force
Description: Need User (admin is default)
Command: hydra -l admin -P {Big_Passwordlist} {IP} -V http-form-post '/wp-login.php:log=^USER^&pwd=^PASS^&wp-submit=Log In&testcookie=1:S=Location'

Entry_12:
Name: Ffuf Vhost
Description: Simple Scan with Ffuf for discovering additional vhosts
Command: ffuf -w {Subdomain_List}:FUZZ -u {Web_Proto}://{Domain_Name} -H "Host:FUZZ.{Domain_Name}" -c -mc all {Ffuf_Filters}
```
{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}