Translated ['src/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/drozer-tutoria

src/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/drozer-tutorial/exploiting-content-providers.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 Data inapatikana **kutoka kwa programu moja hadi nyingine** kwa ombi la kipengele kinachojulikana kama **content provider**. Maombi haya yanadhibitiwa kupitia mbinu za **ContentResolver class**. Watoa maudhui wanaweza kuhifadhi data zao katika maeneo mbalimbali, kama vile **database**, **files**, au kupitia **network**.
 
-Katika faili _Manifest.xml_, tangazo la mtoa maudhui linahitajika. Kwa mfano:
+Katika faili ya _Manifest.xml_, tangazo la mtoa maudhui linahitajika. Kwa mfano:
 ```xml
 <provider android:name=".DBContentProvider" android:exported="true" android:multiprocess="true" android:authorities="com.mwr.example.sieve.DBContentProvider">
 <path-permission android:readPermission="com.mwr.example.sieve.READ_KEYS" android:writePermission="com.mwr.example.sieve.WRITE_KEYS" android:path="/Keys"/>
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ Pia, ikiwa huwezi kupata maswali kamili unaweza **kuangalia ni majina gani yamew
 
 Swali litakuwa kama: `content://name.of.package.class/declared_name`
 
-## **Watoa Maudhui Wanaoungwa Mkono na Hifadhidata**
+## **Watoa Maudhui Wanaoungwa Mkono na Database**
 
-Labda watoa maudhui wengi hutumiwa kama **kiunganishi** kwa **hifadhidata**. Kwa hivyo, ikiwa unaweza kuifikia unaweza kuwa na uwezo wa **kuchota, kusasisha, kuingiza na kufuta** taarifa.\
-Angalia ikiwa unaweza **kufikia taarifa nyeti** au jaribu kubadilisha ili **kupita** mifumo ya idhini.
+Labda wengi wa Watoa Maudhui wanatumika kama **kiunganishi** kwa **database**. Hivyo, ikiwa unaweza kuifikia unaweza kuwa na uwezo wa **kutoa, kusasisha, kuingiza na kufuta** taarifa.\
+Angalia ikiwa unaweza **kufikia taarifa nyeti** au jaribu kubadilisha ili **kupita mifumo ya idhini**.
 
 Unapokagua msimbo wa Watoa Maudhui **angalia** pia kwa **kazi** zenye majina kama: _query, insert, update na delete_:
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ email: incognitoguy50@gmail.com
 ```
 ### Insert content
 
-Quering the database you will learn the **jina la safu** , then, you could be able to insert data in the DB:
+Quering the database you will learn the **jina la safu**, then, you could be able to insert data in the DB:
 
 ![](<../../../images/image (98).png>)
 
@@ -173,10 +173,62 @@ Vulnerable Providers:
 content://com.mwr.example.sieve.FileBackupProvider/
 content://com.mwr.example.sieve.FileBackupProvider
 ```
+## 2023-2025 Updates & Modern Tips
+
+### Drozer 3.x (Python 3) is out
+
+WithSecure ilianza matengenezo ya drozer mnamo 2022 na kuhamasisha mfumo huo kwa **Python 3** (ya hivi punde **3.1.0 – Aprili 2024**).
+Mbali na marekebisho ya ulinganifu, moduli mpya ambazo ni muhimu hasa unapofanya kazi na Content Providers ni pamoja na:
+
+* `scanner.provider.exported` – orodhesha tu watoa huduma wenye `android:exported="true"`.
+* `app.provider.grant` – piga simu kiotomatiki `grantUriPermission()` ili uweze kuzungumza na watoa huduma wanaotarajia `FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION` / `FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION` kwenye Android 12+.
+* Usimamizi bora wa **Scoped Storage** ili watoa huduma wa msingi wa faili kwenye Android 11+ bado wanaweza kufikiwa.
+
+Upgrade (host & agent):
+```bash
+pipx install --force "git+https://github.com/WithSecureLabs/drozer@v3.1.0"
+adb install drozer-agent-3.1.0.apk
+```
+### Kutumia msaidizi wa `cmd content` uliojengwa (ADB ≥ 8.0)
+
+Vifaa vyote vya kisasa vya Android vinakuja na CLI inayoweza kuuliza/kusasisha watoa huduma **bila kusanidi wakala wowote**:
+```bash
+adb shell cmd content query  --uri content://com.test.provider/items/
+adb shell cmd content update --uri content://com.test.provider/items/1 \
+--bind price:d:1337
+adb shell cmd content call   --uri content://com.test.provider  \
+--method evilMethod --arg 'foo'
+```
+Combine na `run-as <pkg>` au shell iliyo na mizizi ili kujaribu watoa huduma za ndani pekee.
+
+### CVE za hivi karibuni za kweli ambazo zilitumia Watoa Huduma
+
+| CVE | Mwaka | Kipengele | Aina ya hitilafu | Athari |
+|-----|------|-----------|------------------|--------|
+| CVE-2024-43089 | 2024 | MediaProvider | Safari ya njia katika `openFile()` | Kusoma faili bila kikomo kutoka hifadhi ya faragha ya programu yoyote |
+| CVE-2023-35670 | 2023 | MediaProvider | Safari ya njia | Ufunuo wa taarifa |
+
+Re-create CVE-2024-43089 kwenye toleo lenye udhaifu:
+```bash
+adb shell cmd content read \
+--uri content://media/external_primary/file/../../data/data/com.target/shared_prefs/foo.xml
+```
+### Orodha ya kuimarisha kwa API 30+
+
+* Tangaza `android:exported="false"` isipokuwa mtoa huduma **lazima** iwe ya umma – kuanzia API 31 sifa hii ni ya lazima.
+* Lazimisha **idhini** na/au `android:grantUriPermissions="true"` badala ya kusambaza mtoa huduma mzima.
+* Weka orodha ya `projection`, `selection` na `sortOrder` zinazoruhusiwa (mfano, jenga maswali na `SQLiteQueryBuilder.setProjectionMap`).
+* Katika `openFile()` fanya njia iliyotolewa kuwa sahihi (`FileUtils`) na kataa mfuatano wa `..` ili kuzuia kupita.
+* Unapofichua faili, pendelea **Storage Access Framework** au `FileProvider`.
+
+Mabadiliko haya katika toleo jipya la Android yanamaanisha kuwa mbinu nyingi za zamani za unyakuzi bado zinafanya kazi, lakini zinahitaji bendera/idhini za ziada ambazo moduli za drozer zilizosasishwa au msaidizi wa `cmd content` zinaweza kutekeleza kiotomatiki.
+
 ## Marejeo
 
 - [https://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/android_content_providers.htm](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/android_content_providers.htm)
 - [https://manifestsecurity.com/android-application-security-part-15/](https://manifestsecurity.com/android-application-security-part-15/)
 - [https://labs.withsecure.com/content/dam/labs/docs/mwri-drozer-user-guide-2015-03-23.pdf](https://labs.withsecure.com/content/dam/labs/docs/mwri-drozer-user-guide-2015-03-23.pdf)
+- [https://github.com/WithSecureLabs/drozer/releases/tag/3.1.0](https://github.com/WithSecureLabs/drozer/releases/tag/3.1.0)
+- [https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2024-07-01](https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2024-07-01)
 
 {{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}

theme/ai.js

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 
 
 (() => {
-  const KEY  = 'htSummerDiscountDismissed';
-  const IMG  = '/images/discount.jpeg';
-  const TXT  = 'HT Summer Discount, Last Days!';
+  const KEY = 'htSummerDiscountsDismissed';
+  const IMG = '/images/discount.jpeg';
+  const TXT = 'Click here for HT Summer Discounts, Last Days!';
+  const URL = 'https://training.hacktricks.xyz';
 
   /* Stop if user already dismissed */
   if (localStorage.getItem(KEY) === 'true') return;
@@ -32,13 +33,37 @@
     display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch;
   `);
 
-  /* --- Title bar (separate, over image) --- */
+  /* --- Title bar (link + close) --- */
   const titleBar = $('div', `
-    padding: 1rem; text-align: center;
+    position: relative;
+    padding: 1rem 2.5rem 1rem 1rem; /* room for the close button */
+    text-align: center;
     background: #222; color: #fff;
     font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 700;
   `);
-  titleBar.textContent = TXT;
+
+  const link = $('a', `
+    color: inherit;
+    text-decoration: none;
+    display: block;
+  `);
+  link.href = URL;
+  link.target = '_blank';
+  link.rel = 'noopener noreferrer';
+  link.textContent = TXT;
+  titleBar.appendChild(link);
+
+  /* Close "X" (no persistence) */
+  const closeBtn = $('button', `
+    position: absolute; top: .25rem; right: .5rem;
+    background: transparent; border: none;
+    color: #fff; font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1;
+    cursor: pointer; padding: 0; margin: 0;
+  `);
+  closeBtn.setAttribute('aria-label', 'Close');
+  closeBtn.textContent = '✕';
+  closeBtn.onclick = () => overlay.remove();
+  titleBar.appendChild(closeBtn);
 
   /* --- Image --- */
   const img = $('img');
@@ -62,14 +87,15 @@
   modal.append(titleBar, img, label);
   overlay.appendChild(modal);
 
-  (document.readyState === 'loading'
-    ? () => document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => document.body.appendChild(overlay), { once: true })
-    : () => document.body.appendChild(overlay))();
+  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
+    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => document.body.appendChild(overlay), { once: true });
+  } else {
+    document.body.appendChild(overlay);
+  }
 })();
 
 
 
-
 /**
  * HackTricks AI Chat Widget v1.16 – resizable sidebar
  * ---------------------------------------------------