From 05bba4aa6fb52128997ad403e528c24346656674 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: SirBroccoli Date: Wed, 25 Dec 2024 18:42:58 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] GITBOOK-4456: No subject --- .../proxy-waf-protections-bypass.md | 46 ++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/pentesting-web/proxy-waf-protections-bypass.md b/pentesting-web/proxy-waf-protections-bypass.md index d791df2bf..4d06f68c3 100644 --- a/pentesting-web/proxy-waf-protections-bypass.md +++ b/pentesting-web/proxy-waf-protections-bypass.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ # Proxy / WAF Protections Bypass {% hint style="success" %} -Learn & practice AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ -Learn & practice GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte) +Learn & practice AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ +Learn & practice GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Older Web Application Firewalls with Core Rule Set 3.1 (or lower) allow messages If p**revention mode**: Logs and blocks the request.\ If **detection mode**: Inspects up to the limit, ignores the rest, and logs if the `Content-Length` exceeds the limit. -* From [**Akamai**](https://community.akamai.com/customers/s/article/Can-WAF-inspect-all-arguments-and-values-in-request-body?language=en\_US)**:** +* From [**Akamai**](https://community.akamai.com/customers/s/article/Can-WAF-inspect-all-arguments-and-values-in-request-body?language=en_US)**:** By default, the WAF inspects only the first 8KB of a request. It can increase the limit up to 128KB by adding Advanced Metadata. @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Up to 128KB. ### Unicode Compatability -Depending on the implementation of Unicode normalization (more info [here](https://jlajara.gitlab.io/Bypass\_WAF\_Unicode)), characters that share Unicode compatability may be able to bypass the WAF and execute as the intended payload. Compatible characters can be found [here](https://www.compart.com/en/unicode). +Depending on the implementation of Unicode normalization (more info [here](https://jlajara.gitlab.io/Bypass_WAF_Unicode)), characters that share Unicode compatability may be able to bypass the WAF and execute as the intended payload. Compatible characters can be found [here](https://www.compart.com/en/unicode). #### Example @@ -169,6 +169,27 @@ Depending on the implementation of Unicode normalization (more info [here](https ＜img src⁼p onerror⁼＇prompt⁽1⁾＇﹥ --> ＜img src=p onerror='prompt(1)'> ``` +### Bypass Contextual WAFs with encodings + +As mentioned in [**this blog post**](https://0x999.net/blog/exploring-javascript-events-bypassing-wafs-via-character-normalization#bypassing-web-application-firewalls-via-character-normalization), In order to bypass WAFs able to maintain a context of the user input we could abuse the WAF techniques to actually normalize the users input. + +For example, in the post it's mentioned that **Akamai URL decoded a user input 10 times**. Therefore something like `/onfocus` which **might think that it's ok as the tag is closed**. However, as long as the application doesn't URL decode the input 10 times, the victim will see something like `` +* Imperva:`imperva.com/?x=` +* AWS/Cloudfront:`docs.aws.amazon.com/?x=` +* Cloudflare:`cloudflare.com/?x=` + +It's also mentioned that depending on **how some WAFs understand the context** of the user input, it might be possible to abuse it. The proposed example in the blog is that Akamai allow(ed) to put anything between `/*` and `*/` (potentially because this is commonly used as comments. Therefore, a SQLinjection such as `/*'or sleep(5)-- -*/` won't be caught and will be valid as `/*` is the starting string of the injection and `*/` is commented. + +These kind of context problems can also be used to **abuse other vulnerabilities than the one expected** to be exploited by the WAF (e.g. this could also be used to exploit a XSS). + ### H2C Smuggling {% content-ref url="h2c-smuggling.md" %} @@ -178,13 +199,14 @@ Depending on the implementation of Unicode normalization (more info [here](https ### IP Rotation * [https://github.com/ustayready/fireprox](https://github.com/ustayready/fireprox): Generate an API gateway URL to by used with ffuf -* [https://github.com/rootcathacking/catspin](https://github.com/rootcathacking/catspin): Similar to fireprox +* [https://github.com/rootcathacking/catspin](https://github.com/rootcathacking/catspin): Similar to fireprox * [https://github.com/PortSwigger/ip-rotate](https://github.com/PortSwigger/ip-rotate): Burp Suite plugin that uses API gateway IPs * [https://github.com/fyoorer/ShadowClone](https://github.com/fyoorer/ShadowClone): A dynamically determined number of container instances are activated based on the input file size and split factor, with the input split into chunks for parallel execution, such as 100 instances processing 100 chunks from a 10,000-line input file with a split factor of 100 lines. +* [https://0x999.net/blog/exploring-javascript-events-bypassing-wafs-via-character-normalization#bypassing-web-application-firewalls-via-character-normalization](https://0x999.net/blog/exploring-javascript-events-bypassing-wafs-via-character-normalization#bypassing-web-application-firewalls-via-character-normalization) ### Regex Bypasses -Different techniques can be used to bypass the regex filters on the firewalls. Examples include alternating case, adding line breaks, and encoding payloads. Resources for the various bypasses can be found at [PayloadsAllTheThings](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/XSS%20Injection/README.md#filter-bypass-and-exotic-payloads) and [OWASP](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/XSS\_Filter\_Evasion\_Cheat\_Sheet.html). The examples below were pulled from [this article](https://medium.com/@allypetitt/5-ways-i-bypassed-your-web-application-firewall-waf-43852a43a1c2). +Different techniques can be used to bypass the regex filters on the firewalls. Examples include alternating case, adding line breaks, and encoding payloads. Resources for the various bypasses can be found at [PayloadsAllTheThings](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/XSS%20Injection/README.md#filter-bypass-and-exotic-payloads) and [OWASP](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/XSS_Filter_Evasion_Cheat_Sheet.html). The examples below were pulled from [this article](https://medium.com/@allypetitt/5-ways-i-bypassed-your-web-application-firewall-waf-43852a43a1c2). ```bash #changing the case of the tag @@ -215,24 +237,24 @@ data:text/html;base64,PHN2Zy9vbmxvYWQ9YWxlcnQoMik+ #base64 encoding the javascri * [https://rafa.hashnode.dev/exploiting-http-parsers-inconsistencies](https://rafa.hashnode.dev/exploiting-http-parsers-inconsistencies) * [https://blog.sicuranext.com/modsecurity-path-confusion-bugs-bypass/](https://blog.sicuranext.com/modsecurity-path-confusion-bugs-bypass/) -* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OMmWtU2Y\_g](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OMmWtU2Y\_g) +* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OMmWtU2Y\_g](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OMmWtU2Y_g) +* [https://0x999.net/blog/exploring-javascript-events-bypassing-wafs-via-character-normalization#bypassing-web-application-firewalls-via-character-normalization](https://0x999.net/blog/exploring-javascript-events-bypassing-wafs-via-character-normalization#bypassing-web-application-firewalls-via-character-normalization)
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